Date:01/01/1995
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Guan, S., G.W. Reuter
Title:Numerical simulation of a rain shower affected by waste energy released from a cooling tower complex in a calm environment
Publication:J. Appl. Met, 34, 131-142
Abstract:An axisymmetric cloud model is used to investigate the evolution of convective cells and associated rain showers that develop due to the sensible and latent heat released into a calm atmosphere from an industrial cooling complex. The simulated convection is in fair agreement with observations fro a particular cloud developing over a large cooling system.
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Record ID:37/1


Date:00/00/1984
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Cayan, D.R., A. Douglas
Title:Urban influences on surface temepratures in the southwestern United States during recent decades
Publication:J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 23, 1520-1530
Abstract:Trends of surface temperature at rapidly growing urban sites during the last three to five decades are compared to those at non-urban sites, temepratures at 70 kPa, and sea surface temperature at a coastal Pacific station.
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Record ID:37/2


Date:10/01/1980
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Changnon, S.A., Jr.
Title:Evidence of urban and lake influences on precipitation in the Chicago area
Publication:J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 1137-1159
Abstract:A study of summer precipitation conditions in the Chicago area sought to discern evidence of urban influences on precipitation processes and rainfall magnitude by investigating cloud, radar echo, rainfall and thunderstorm data.
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Record ID:37/3


Date:01/01/1991
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Changnon, S.A., R.T. Shealy, R.W. Scott
Title:Precipitation changes in fall, winter and spring caused by St. Louis
Publication:J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 126-134
Abstract:Analysis of precipitation events in the St. Louis area, based on pre-event low-level wind flow, was pursued to ascertain the presence of urban effects on fall, winter, and spring precipitation
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Record ID:37/4


Date:05/01/1993
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Gallo, K.P., A.L. McNab, T.R. Karl, J.F. Brown, J.J. Hood, J.D. Tarpley
Title:The use of NOAA AVHRR data for assessment of the urban heat island effect
Publication:J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 899-903
Abstract:A vegetation index and a radiative surface temperature were derived from satellite data acquired at approximately 1330 LST for each of 37 cities and for their respective nearby rural regions from 28 June through 8 August 1991
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Record ID:37/5


Date:10/01/1980
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(2) Aerosols & Aerosols (Scavenging)
Author:Ochs, H.T., III, D.B. Johnson
Title:Urban effects on the properties of radar first echoes
Publication:J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 1160-1166
Abstract:The properties of 3 cm radar first echoes were used to study the effects of the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area on precipitation initiation during the summer months of Project METROMEX.
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Record ID:37/6


Date:07/01/1980
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M., W.J. King
Title:A theoretical study of the St. Louis heat island: Comparisons between observed data and simulation results on the urban heat island circulation
Publication:J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 761-770
Abstract:A three-dimensional primitive model was used to predict the early afternoon wind velocity field over St. Louis, Missouri.
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Record ID:37/7


Date:01/01/1996
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Poreh, M.
Title:Investigation of heat islands using small scale models.
Publication:Atmos. Env., 30, 3, 467-474
Abstract:The possibility and criteria for small scale physical modelling of Urban Heat Islands are examined. It is shown that the flow and temperature fields above a particular class of Urban Heat Islands, which are termed Simple Heat Islands (SHIs), can be modeled using area sources of buoyancy produced by either fires with thin combustion layers, hot plates or a flux of helium.
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Record ID:37/8


Date:01/01/1996
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Noto, K.
Title:Dependence of heat island phenomena on stable stratification and heat quantity in a calm environment.
Publication:Atmos. Env., 30, 3, 475-485
Abstract:Dependence of heat island atmosphere on stable stratification and the heat quantity is elucidated by (i) visualizing and measuring the thermal flow over a heated source in calm and stratified conditions in a laboratory experiment, (ii) finding new types of flow patterns, (iii) determining flow states by the PSD gradients, (iv) comparing with the existing results, and (v) discussing physically to extend the laboratory experiment to a real urban atmosphere.
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Record ID:37/9


Date:01/01/1996
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Sakakibara, Y.
Title:A numerical study of the effect of urban geometry upon the surface energy budget.
Publication:Atmos. Env., 30, 3, 487-496
Abstract:This numerical study investigates the effect of urban canyon geometry upon the thermal environment using a parking lot model and an urban canyon model in identical meteorological conditions.
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Record ID:37/10


Date:06/01/1997
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(12) Climate
Author:Fujibe, F.
Title:Time-of-the-day dependence of long-term temperature changes at urban meteorological stations in Japan
Publication:J. Met. Soc. Japan, 75, 1041-1051
Abstract:Long-term changes of urban temperature was examined by using hourly or four-hourly data at 42 stations in Japan
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Record ID:37/11


Date:01/01/99
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Porch, W., R. Borys, P. Durkee, R. Gasparovic, W. Hooper, E. Hindman, K. Nielsen
Title:Observations of ship tracks from ship-based platforms
Publication:Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 69-81
Abstract:Ship based measurements in June 1994 provided information about ship-track clouds and associated atmosphereic environment observed from below cloud levels that provide a perspective different from satellite and aircraft measurements.
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Record ID:37/12


Date:04/01/1999
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Hafner, J., S.Q. Kidder
Title:Urban heat island modeling in conjunction with satellite-derived surface/soil parameters
Publication:J. App. Meteor., 38, pp. 448-465
Abstract:Although it has been studied for over 160 years, the urban heat island (UHI) effect is still not completely understood, yet it is increasingly important.
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Record ID:37/13


Date:04/01/1999
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Taham, H.
Title:Modifying a mesoscale meteorlogical model to better incorporate urban heat storage: A bulk-parameterization approach
Publication:J. App. Meteor., 38, pp. 466-473
Abstract:A simpl bulk-parameterization scheme is implemented in modifying mesoscale meterological model to better incorporate urban heat storage.
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Record ID:37/14


Date:05/01/1978
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Auer, A.H., Jr.
Title:Correlation of land use and cover with meteorological anomalies
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 17, 636-643
Abstract:Aerial reconnaissance of the greater St. Louis area has led to the identification and classification of land use types.
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Record ID:37/15


Date:02/01/1974
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Auer, A.H., Jr., R.A. Dirks
Title:Contributions to an urban meteorological study: METROMEX
Publication:Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 55, 106-110
Abstract:None
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Record ID:37/16


Date:01/01/1975
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Gutman, D.P., K.E. Torrance
Title:Response of the urban boundary layer to heat addition and surface roughness
Publication:Boundary-layer Meteorol., 9, 217-233
Abstract:A two-dimensional numerical model is used to determine the sensivity of the urban climate of mid-latitude cities to heat addition and surface roughness.
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Record ID:37/17


Date:09/01/1981
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Hoffman, H.W., A.A.N. Patrinos
Title:Meteorological effects of thermal energy releases (METER) program annual progress report Oct. 1979 to Sept. 1980
Publication:Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL/TM-7744, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, 83 pp.
Abstract:None
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Record ID:37/18


Date:05/01/1978
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Huff, F.A., J.L. Vogel
Title:Urban, topographic and diurnal effects on rainfall in the St. Louis region
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 17, 565-577
Abstract:Analyses were made of the summer rainfall distribution (June-August) in 17 areas within the METROMEX network in St. Louis region.
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Record ID:37/19


Date:09/01/1986
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Keller, V.C.
Title:Ice nucleus activity measurements of solid rocket motor exhaust particles
Publication:NASA Tech. Memo. 86555, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL, 21 pp
Abstract:None
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Record ID:37/20


Date:08/01/1975
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Ochs, H.T., III
Title:Modeling of cumulus initiation in METROMEX
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 14, 873-882
Abstract:A numerical cloud modeling project has been initiated as part of METROMEX.
Location:37
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Record ID:37/21


Date:03/01/1983
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Patrinos, A.A.N., H.W. Hoffman
Title:Meteorological effects of thermal energy releases (METER) program progress report Oct. 1980 to Sept. 1982
Publication:ORNL/TM-8603, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Abstract:None
Location:0
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Record ID:37/22


Date:01/01/1975
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M.
Title:A study of the effect of wind shear on a heat ilsand circulation characteristic of an urban complex
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 27-33
Abstract:Simple linear models were used to study the effect of wind shear on the nocturnal urban heat island circulation.
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Record ID:37/23


Date:06/01/1973
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M.
Title:A study of the atmospheric response due to a diurnal heating function characteristic of an urban complex
Publication:Mon. Wea. REv., 101, 467-474
Abstract:The variation of the differential heating required to depict the diurnal behavior of the urban heat island is established from temperature data obtained in the literature and from other sources.
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Record ID:37/24


Date:12/01/1971
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M.
Title:Theoretical analysis of the effect of mean wind and stability on a heat island circulation characteristic of an urban complex
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 99, 919-926
Abstract:A simple two-dimensional linear model was used to explore the nature of the heat island circulation of an urban area.
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Record ID:37/25


Date:07/01/1979
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M., W.J. King, J.W. Dunn, III, J.J.B. Worth
Title:Observations and simulations of the diurnal variation of the urban heat island circulation and associated variations of the ozone distribution: A case study
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 18, 836-854
Abstract:The observed surface and upper air temperature and wind field patterns on 8 June 1976 in St. Louis, Missouri, were analyzed and compared with simulation results from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model.
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Record ID:37/26


Date:11/01/1978
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Vukovich, F.M., J.W. Dunn
Title:A theoretical study of the St. Louis heat island: Some parameter variations
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 17, 1585-1594
Abstract:A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the more important parameters affecting the urban heat island circulation in St. Louis.
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Record ID:37/27


Date:08/19/1999
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Capaldo, K., J.J. Corbett, P. Kasibhatla, P. Fischbeck, S.N. Pandis
Title:Effect of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean
Publication:Nature, 400, 743-746
Abstract:The atmosphere overly the ocean is very sensitive-physically, cheically and climatically-to air pollution. Given that clouds over the ocean are of great climatic significance, and that sulphate aerosols seem to be an important control on marine cloud formation, anthropogenic inputs of sulphate to the marine atmosphere could evert and important influence on climate.
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Record ID:37/28


Date:04/20/1995
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(10) Boundary Layer Dynamics And Thermal Convection
Author:Ackerman, A.S., O.B. Toon, P.V. Hobbs
Title:Numerical modeling of ship tracks produced by injections of cloud condensation nuclei into marine stratiform clouds
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 100, D4, 7121-7133
Abstract:Ship tracks are long-lived, linear regions of enhanced reflectivity in low-lying marine clouds that appear in satellite imagery downwind of ships.
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Record ID:37/29


Date:06/01/2000
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Wang, J., R.L. Braso, E.A.B. Eltahir
Title:The impact of observed deforestation on the mesoscale distribution of rainfall and clouds in Amazonia
Publication:J. Hydromet., 7, 267-286
Abstract:A numerical moesoscale model has been used to investigate the impact of mesoscale circulations on the distribution of precipitation and cloudiness over a deforested area in Amazonia.
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Record ID:37/30


Date:0/0/2000
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Montavez, J.P., A. Rodriguez, J.I. Jimenez
Title:A study of the urban heat island of granada
Publication:Intern. J. Climat.
Abstract:In this study we examine the Urban Heat Island (UNI) of Granada.
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Record ID:37/31


Date:02/01/2001
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Weaver, c.P., R. Avissar
Title:Atmospheric disturbances caused by human modification of the landscape
Publication:Bulletin, 82, 269-281
Abstract:This study documents significant atmospheric effects over the U.S. central plains caused by human modification of the landscape.
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Record ID:37/32


Date:01/01/2001
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Cole, Stephen
Title:Bright sky, dirty city?
Publication:Sci. Amer., pg19
Abstract:
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Record ID:37/33


Date:08/01/2001
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(74) Land Surface - Soil/Vegetation/Snow
Author:Moore, N., S. Rojstaczer
Title:Irrigation-induced rainfall and the great plains
Publication:J. App. Mete., 40, 1297-1309
Abstract:The post-World War II increase in irrigation in the Great Plains represents the largest human-induced hydrologic in Noth America.
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Record ID:37/34


Date:06/01/2001
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(74) Land Surface - Soil/Vegetation/Snow
Author:Unger, J., Z. Sumeghy, J. Zoboki
Title:Temperature cross-section features in an urban area
Publication:Atmos. Res., 58, 117-127
Abstract:This study examines the connection between the built-up urban surface and near-surface air temperature.
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Record ID:37/35


Date:11/26/1976
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Johnson, D.B.
Title:Ultragiant urban aerosol particles
Publication:Science, 194, 941-942
Abstract:Measurements taken 300 meters above ground level show surprisingly high concentrations of ultragiant aerosol particles both upwind and downwind of the St. Louis, Missouri, urban area.
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Record ID:37/36


Date:01/01/1994
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Rosenfeld, D., G. Gutman
Title:Retrieving microphysical properties near the tops of potnetial rain clouds by multispectral analysis of ANHRR data
Publication:Atmos. Res., 34, 259-283.
Abstract:Properties of potentialy precipitating cloud tops are retrieved from the radiances emitted and reflected from them, as measured by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA-11 satellite.
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Record ID:37/37


Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Borys, R.D., D.H. Lowenthal, S.A. Cohn, W.O.J. Brown
Title:Montaintop and radar measurements of anthropogenic aerosol effects on snow growth and snowfall rate
Publication:Geophys. Res. Ltrs., 30, 10, 1538, doi:10.1029/2002GL016855.
Abstract:A field campaign designed to investigate the second indirect aerosol effect (reduction of precipitation by anthropogenic aerosols which produce more numerous and smaller cloud droplets) was conducted during winter in the...
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Record ID:37/38


Date:08/01/1998
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(75) Weather Modification
(2) Aerosols & Aerosols (Scavenging)
Author:Cerveny, R.S., R.C. Balling, Jr.
Title:Weekly cycles of air pollutants, precipitation and tropical cyclones in the coastal NW Atlantic region
Publication:Nature, 394, 561-563.
Abstract:Direct human influences on climate have been detected at local scales, such as urban temperature increases and precipitation enhancement, and at global scales.
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Record ID:37/39


Date:07/01/2004
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Givati, A., D. Rosenfeld
Title:Quantifying precipitation suppression due to air pollution
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 43, 1038-1056.
Abstract:Urban air pollution and industrial air pollution have been shown qualitatively to suppress rain and snow.
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Record ID:37/40


Date:03/10/2000
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Rosenfeld, D.
Title:Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution
Publication:Science, 287, 1793-1796.
Abstract:Direct evidence demonstrates that urban and industrial air pollution can completely shut off precipitation from clouds that have temperatures at their tops of about -10deg C over large areas.
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Record ID:37/41


Date:09/06/2002
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Rosenfeld, D., R. Lahav, A. Khain, M. Pinsky
Title:The role of sea spray in cleansing air pollution over ocean via cloud processes
Publication:Science, 297, 1667-1670.
Abstract:Particulate air pollution has been shown to strongly suppress precipitation from convective clouds over land.
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Record ID:37/42


Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
Author:Changnon, S.A.
Title:Urban modification of freezing-rain events
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 42, 863-870.
Abstract:A new national database for freezing-rain during the 1945-2000 period provided an opportunity for a study of the potnetial urban effect on freezing-rain events.
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Record ID:37/43


Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(74) Land Surface - Soil/Vegetation/Snow
Author:Rozoff, C.M., W.R. Cototn, and J.O. Adegoke
Title:Simulation of St. Louis, Missouri land use impacts on thunderstorms
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 42, 716-738.
Abstract:None
Location:reprints box 44
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Record ID:37/44


Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(37) Inadvertent Weather Modification
(12) Climate
(2) Aerosols & Aerosols (Scavenging)
Author:Svensmark, H., E. Friis-Christensen
Title:Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage--a missing link in solar-climate relationships
Publication:J. Atmos. Solar-Terres. Phys., 59, 1225-1232.
Abstract:In the search for a physical mechanism that could account for reported correlations between solar activity parameters and climate, we have investigated the global cloud cover observed by satellites.
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Record ID:37/45

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