Date:09/01/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zhang, D.-L., J.S. Kain, J.M. Fritsch, K. Gao
Title:Comments on ``Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review'
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2222-2231
Abstract:None
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Record ID:23/1

Date:11/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tiedke, M.
Title:Representation of clouds in large-scale models
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061
Abstract:0
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Record ID:23/2

Date:01/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(32) General Circulation
Author:Ricard, J.L., J.F. Royer
Title:A statistical cloud scheme for use in an AGCM
Publication:Ann. Geophysicae, 11, 1095-1115
Abstract:We have designed a diagnostic subgrid scale cloud scheme that brings some coherence to the various representations of clouds within the GCM.
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Record ID:23/3

Date:07/15/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Satoh, M., Y-Y. Hayashi
Title:Simple cumulus models in one-dimensional radiative convective equilibrium problems
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1202-1220
Abstract:The cumulus model presented by Lindzen et al. for calculating one-dimensional radiative convective equilibria is examine. When only the balance of moist static energy is considered, the value of the convective mass flux M_e is required
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Record ID:23/4

Date:00/00/1985
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:W.M. Frank, C. Cohen
Title:Properties of tropical cloud ensembles estimated using a cloud model and an observed updraft population
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1911-1928
Abstract:A simple cloud model is developed which is designed for both diagnostic studies and mesoscale cumulus parameterization experiments. The cloud model is combined with an observed population of tropical
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Record ID:23/5

Date:09/01/1983
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Albrecht, B.A.
Title:A cumulus parameterization for climate studies of the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Model formulation and sensitivity tests
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2166-2182
Abstract:A scheme for parameterizing the effect of cumulus convection for the maintenance of the thermodymaic structure of the tropical atmosphere is described. This parameterization is used in a one-dimensional model that represents the vertical structure
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Record ID:23/6

Date:11/01/1986
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Albrecht, B.A. V. Ramanathan, B.A. Boville
Title:The effects of cumulus moisture transports on the simulation of climate with a general circulation model.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2443-2462
Abstract:A hybrid cumulus parameterization was developed to study the effects of cumulus heat and moisture transports on climate simulations. This parameterization consists of a cumulus mass flux representation of the convective fluxes of heat and moisture, and moist adiabatic adjustment representation of the release of latent
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Record ID:23/7

Date:12/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Bechtol, P., J.P. Pinty, P. Mascart
Title:The use of partial cloudiness in a warm-rain parameterization: A subgrid-scale precipitation scheme
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3301-3311
Abstract:A method is proposed on how to handle the effects of partial cloudiness in a warm-rain microphysical scheme and how to generate subgrid-scale precipitation. The method is simple and concerns essentially two ideas: the use of the vertical distribution of the partial cloudiness and the use
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Record ID:23/8

Date:12/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Binder, P.
Title:The relation between moist convective adjustment schemes and the mass-flux concept for cumulus parameterization
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3453-3457
Abstract:The problem of finding convective mass fluxes and convective condensation rates in moist convective adjustment schemes for cumulus parameterization in numericla weather prediction is addressed. Formal considerations reveal that
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Record ID:23/9

Date:11/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Blyth, A.M., J. Latham
Title:A climatological parameterization for cumulus clouds
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2367-2371
Abstract:A research airplane was used to study the microphysical characteristics of ice-free non-precipitating summertime cumulus clouds in Montana. Each cloud was penetrated at a multiplicity of levels encompassing, in general, a large fraction of the
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Record ID:23/10

Date:12/01/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(53) Planetary/Atmospheric Boundary
Author:Bougeault, P.
Title:Cloud-ensemble relations based on the gamma probability distribution for the higher-order models of the planetary boundary layer
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2691-2700
Abstract:This paper aims to develop and test a parameterizations scheme for partial cloudiness, to be used in the framework of higher-order models of the turbulent planetary boundary layer. The proposed scheme is designed to be general enought and firly accurate, although
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Record ID:23/11

Date:04/15/1984
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Challa, M., R.L. Pfeffer
Title:The effect of cumulus momentum mixing on the development of a symmetric model hurricane
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1312-1319
Abstract:The effect of the vertical transport of horizontal momentum by cumulus clouds on the development of a symmetric model hurricane is investigated. This is accomplished by using Sundqvist's symmetric hurricane
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Record ID:23/12

Date:06/01/1989
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cheng, M-D. X. Wu, M. Yanai
Title:Cumulus ensemble effects on the large scale vorticity and momentum fields of GATE Part II: Parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1609-1629
Abstract:A parameterization of cumulus ensemble effects on the large-scale vorticity is tested to interpret the vorticity budget residual, Z, observed during Phase III of GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
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Record ID:23/13

Date:00/00/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cho, H-R., L. Chang
Title:Parameterization of horizontal transport of vorticity by cumulus convection
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 812-826
Abstract:Dynamic processes of cumulus clouds which may produce significant hoirzontal eddy transport of verticial vorticity in the tropical atmosphere are discussed. It is shown in this paper that horizontal eddy transport of vorticity by cumulus convection, if it exists, must be due entirely to the irrotational component of the horizontal wind produced by clouds.
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Record ID:23/14

Date:01/01/1989
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cohen, C.
Title:Numerical experiments showing the response of parameterized convection to large-scale forcing
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 132-149
Abstract:In a series of experiments with a two-dimensional mesoscale numerical model that uses the Frank-Cohen cumulus parameterization, different types of large-scale forcing are held consistant and the response of the model atmosphere is examined.
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Record ID:23/15

Date:11/01/1983
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Crum, F.X., D.E. Stevens
Title:A comparison of two cumulus parameterization schemes in a linear model of Wave-CISK
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2671-2688
Abstract:A linear model of wave-CISK consisting of the primitive equations formulated on a equatorial beta-plane with a resting basic state, is used to compare the relatively simple cumulus parameterization scheme developed by Stevens and Lindzen with the relatively
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Record ID:23/16

Date:03/01/1988
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Das, S., U.C. Mohanty, O.P. Sharma
Title:Study of Kuo-type cumulus parameterizations during different epochs of the Asian summer monsoon
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 715-729
Abstract:The performance of several versions of the Kuo-type cumulus parameterization schemes have been examined during different phases of the summer monsoon
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Record ID:23/17

Date:03/15/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Donner, L.J.
Title:A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, vertical momentum dynamics, and mesoscale effects
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 889-906
Abstract:A formulation for parameterizing cumulus convection, which treats cumulus vertical momentum dynamics and mass fluxes consistently, is presented. This approach predicts the penetrative extent of cumulus updrafts on the basis of their vertical momentum and provides a basis for treating cumulus microphysics using formulations that depend on vertical velocity.
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Record ID:23/18

Date:11/01/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Donner, L.J. H-L. Kuo
Title:The significance of thermodynamic forcing by cumulus convection in a general circulation model
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2159-2181
Abstract:To assess the effects of cumulus convection on the general circulation of the atmosphere, a medium-resolution, spectral general circulation model was integrated twice for 40 simulated days from identical initial conditions, with and without a version of a
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Record ID:23/19

Date:11/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Emanuel, K.A.
Title:A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2313-2335
Abstract:Observations of individual convective clouds reveal an extraordinary degree of inhomogeneity, with much of the vertical transport accomplshed by sub-cloud-scale drafts. In view of these observations, a representation of moist convective transports for use in large-scale
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Record ID:23/20

Date:02/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Esbensen, S.K., L.J. Shapiro, E.I. Tollerud
Title:The consistent parameterization of the effects of cumulus clouds on the large-scale momentum and vorticity fields
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 664-669
Abstract:A physical and mathematical framework for the mutually consistent parameterization of the effects of cumulus convection on the large-scale momentum and vorticity fields is proposed. The key to achieving
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Record ID:23/21

Date:07/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gregory, D., P.R. Rowntree
Title:A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1483-1506
Abstract:The convection scheme used at the UK Meteorological Office in large-scale numerical models is described. The scheme uses a ``bulk' cloud model to represent an ensemble of convective clouds and aims to represent shallow, deep
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Record ID:23/22

Date:03/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Grell, G.A.
Title:Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787
Abstract:Using a spectral-type cumulus parameterization that includes moist downdrafts within a three-dimensional mesoscale model, various disparate closure assumptions are systematically tested within the generalized framework of dynamic control, static control and feeback. Only one assumption at a time is changed and tested using a midlatitude environment of severe convection. A control run is presented, which shows
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Record ID:23/23

Date:01/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Grell, G.A., Y-H. Kuo, R.J. Pasch
Title:Semiprognostic tests of cumulus parameterization schemes in the middle latitutdes
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 5-31
Abstract:In this paper, we consider three disparate classes of cumulus parameterization schemes, applied to cases of severe midlatitude convective storms observed during SESAME-1979. Objective analysis of the observed data was carried out and verifying heat and moisture budgets were computed. For the three types of schemes
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Record ID:23/24

Date:06/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Guang, J.Z., H-R. Cho
Title:Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cymulus clouds. Part I: Theory
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1483-1492
Abstract:A scheme is developed to parameterize the vertical transport of momentum by cymulus clouds, in which the effect of a cloud-induced pressure field is included. In addition, a new form for momentum exchange between clouds and their
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Record ID:23/25

Date:01/01/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Haines, P.A., W-Y. Sun
Title:A convective cloud model for use in a cumulus parameterization scheme
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 165-182
Abstract:A quasi-one-dimensional steady-state cloud model that is based on integrating the two-dimensional equation for the azimuthal vorticity over the cloud radius is described. The equations are reduced to one dimensionl in the vertical direction by assuming that the streamfunction is oscillatory and a function
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Record ID:23/26

Date:09/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Heckley, W.A., G. Kelly, M. Tiedtke
Title:On the use of satellite-derived heating rates for data assimilation within the tropics
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1743-1757
Abstract:The HIRS instrument on the NOAA polar orbiting satellites is used to obtain coverage of outward-going longwave radiation across the global tropics and subtropics four times a day. Fractional coverage of cold cloud is obtained from this, which is tehn interpreted as rainfall rates. This information is introduced into the ECMWF data assimilation system as diabatic heating
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Record ID:23/27

Date:12/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Held, I.M., R.S. Hemler, V. Ramaswamy
Title:Radiative-convective equilibrium with explicit two-dimensional moist convection
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3909-3927
Abstract:Radiative-convective statistical equilibrium are obtained using a two-dimensional model in which radiative transfer is interactive with the predicted moisture and cloud fields. The domain is periodic in X with a width of 640 km, and extends from the ground to 26 km. The lower boundary is a fixed-temperature water-saturated surface. The model
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Record ID:23/28

Date:06/01/1989
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Hobgood, J.S., J.N. Rayner
Title:A test of convective parameterizations in a tropical cyclone model
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1221-1226
Abstract:In recent years a number of different methods have been proposed for the inclusion of the effects of cumuli in numerical models of tropical cyclones
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Record ID:23/29

Date:00/00/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Johnson, R.H.
Title:Comments on 'An analysis of diagnostic cloud mass flux models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2099-2100
Abstract:No abstract
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Record ID:23/30

Date:12/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kain, J.S., M. Fritsch
Title:A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802
Abstract:A new one-dimensional cloud model, specifically designed for application in mesoscale convective parameterization schemes (CPSs), is introduced. The model is unique in its representation of environmental entrainment and updraft detrainment rates. In particular, the two-way exchange of mass between clouds and
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Record ID:23/31

Date:01/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kalb, M.W.
Title:The role of convective parameterization in the simulation of a gulf coast precipitation system
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 214-234
Abstract:Three 15 h LAMPS (Limited Area Mesoscale Prediction System) model simulations were performed on a 70 km grid to examine the role of convective parameterization on the evolution of the Gulf Coast precipitation
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Record ID:23/32

Date:03/01/1988
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Krishnamurti, T.N., H.S. Bedi
Title:Cumulus parameterization and rainfall rates: Part III
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 583-599
Abstract:The relationship between total ozone and tropopause pressure is analyzed using 4 years of NImbus-u total ozone data dn NMC global analyses of tropopause on a 5 by 5 grid
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Record ID:23/33

Date:04/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Krishnamurti. T.N., Y. Ramanathan, H-L. Pan, R.J. Pasch, J. Molinari
Title:Cumulus parameterization and rainfall rates I
Publication:Mon. Wea. REv., 108, 465-472
Abstract:Modeling of convective rainfall rates is a central problem in tropical meteorology. Toward numerical weather prediction efforts the semi-prognostic approach (i.e., a one time-step prediction of rainfall rates) provides a relevant test of cumulus parameterization methods. In this paper we compare five currently available cumulus parameterization schemes using the semi-prognostic approach
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Record ID:23/34

Date:07/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kuo, H.L., W.H. Raymond
Title:A quasi-one-dimensional cumulus cloud model and parameterization of cumulus heating and mixing effects
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 991-1009
Abstract:The characteristic properties of cumulus heating and mixing effects
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Record ID:23/35

Date:12/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Lord, S. J., A. Arakawa
Title:Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale envrionment. Part II.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2677-2692
Abstract:The closure assumption of the Arakawa-Schubert (1974) cumulus parameterization takes the form of a balance between the generation of moist convective instability by large-scale processes and its destruction by clouds. This assumption can be justified by consideration of the kinetic energy budget of a cumulus subensemble
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Record ID:23/36

Date:00/00/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Lord, S.J.
Title:Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part III: Semi-rpognostic test of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 88-103
Abstract:The verification of the Arakawa and Schubert (1974) cumulus parameterization is continued using a semi-prognostic approach. Observed data from Phase III of GATE are used to provide estimates of the large-scale forcing of a cumulus ensemble at each observation time. Instantaenous values of the
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Record ID:23/37

Date:00/00/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:McBride, J.L.
Title:Reply (to Johnson, R.H. on comments on 'An analysis of diagnostic cloud mass flux models'
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2101-2103
Abstract:No abstract
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Record ID:23/38

Date:11/01/1982
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Molinari, J
Title:A method for calculating the effects of deep cumulus convection in numerical models
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1527-1534
Abstract:A closure is proopsed for the b parameter of Kuo (1974), using the framework developed by Krishnamurti et al. (1976). Emphasis is placed on the time-dependent behavior of the solutions. The proposed closure is found to be the only one of several tested
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Record ID:23/39

Date:02/01/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Molinari, J., M. Dudek
Title:Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344
Abstract:Current approaches for incorporating cumulus convection into mesoscale numerical models are divided into three groups. The traditional apporach utilizes cumulus parameterization at convectively unstable points
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Record ID:23/40

Date:06/01/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Moorthi, S., M.J. Suarez
Title:Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002
Abstract:A simple implementation of the Arakwara and Schubert (1974) cumulus parameterization is presented. The major simplification made is to ``relax' the state toward equilibrium each time the parameterization is invoked, rather than requiring that the final state be balanced
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Record ID:23/41

Date:05/01/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Norquist, D.C., C. Yang
Title:Comparing model-produced convective cloudiness with observations
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 770-786
Abstract:Convective cloudiness generated by a cumulus parameterization scheme of large-scale numerical weather prediction model was compared with analyses of clouds observed by geosynchronous satellites. The comparisons were performed over an equitorial Pacific Ocean region and the
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Record ID:23/42

Date:00/00/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Ramanathan, Y.
Title:Cumulus parameterization in a case study of a monsoon depression
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 313-321
Abstract:The Arakwawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization scheme is applied in a semi-prognostic case study of a monsoon depression when it was forming over the Bay of Bengal
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Record ID:23/43

Date:04/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Rao, G.V., T-H. Hor
Title:Observed momentum transport in monsoon convective cloud bands
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1075-1087
Abstract:With an aim to examining the exchanges of momentum and kinetic energy between the low-level flow and convection in the Arabian Sea a composite structure of bands and deep convection was constructed using the kinematic
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Record ID:23/44

Date:06/01/1986
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Raymond, D.J.
Title:Prescribed heating of a stratified atmosphere as a model for moist convection
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1101-1111
Abstract:The response of a stratified atmosphere to a steady, moving source of heat is explored as a tool for understanding organized, moist convection
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Record ID:23/45

Date:00/00/1979
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Rosenthal, S.L.
Title:The sensitivity of simulated hurricane development to cumulus parameterization details
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 193-197
Abstract:Numerical experiments with an axisymmetric model of the tropical cyclone are described. The model contains a cnumulus parameterization of the type proposed by Ooyama (1971). It is shown that the growth of the hurricane scale is significantly affected when the cloud model and the form of the cloud spectrum are altered. The growth of the hurricane is also
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Record ID:23/46

Date:06/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Schlesinger, R.E.
Title:Feedback of deep moist convection to its near environment as diagnosed from three-dimensional numerical model output: Results from an early experiment
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1390-1412
Abstract:This paper presents preliminary results from an investigation into the feedback between convective storms and their near surroundings, using output from a three-dimensional anelastic cloud-scale model. Convective feedback budgets
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Record ID:23/47

Date:11/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Shapiro, L.J., D.E. Stevens
Title:Parameterization of convective effects on the momentum and vorticity budgets of synoptic-scale Atlantic tropical waves
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1816-1826
Abstract:Dynamic budgets of an average synoptic-scale wave have been made by Stevens (1979) from GAAP Atlantic Tropical Experiment Phase III B- and A/B-scale data composited by Thompson et al. (1979). In the present study, the apparent sources of momentum and vorticity, computed from the large-scale budgets, are compared with parameterized sources
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Record ID:23/48

Date:04/01/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sud, Y.C., W.c. Chao, G.K. Walker
Title:Role of a cumulus parameterization scheme in simulating atmospheric circulation and rainfall in the Ninayer Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres General Circulation Modell
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 594-611
Abstract:A coarse (4\deg x 5\deg x 9-sigma level) version of the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) General Circulatio Model (GCM) was used to investigate the influence of a cumulus convection
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Record ID:23/49

Date:07/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sud, Y.D., W.C. Chao, G.K. Walker
Title:Contributions to the implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization in the GLA GCM
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1573-1586
Abstract:Several integrations were made with a coarse (4 times 5 nine-sigma level) version of the GLA GCM which has the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization, predicted fractional cloud cover, and a parameterization of evaporation of falling rainfall. All model simulation experiments started from the eCMWF analysis for 15 December
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Record ID:23/50

Date:11/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sud, Y.C., G.K. Walker
Title:A rain evaporation and downdraft parameterization to complement a cumulus updraft scheme and its evaluation using GATE data
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3019-3039
Abstract:A rain evaporation and downdraft parameterization is designed to complement the cumulus convection scheme of the Goddar Laboratory for ATmosphere General Circulation Model (GLS GCM). The scheme invokes (i) a diagnostic determination
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Record ID:23/51

Date:03/01/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sui, C.H., K.M. Lau, W.K. Tao, J. Simpson
Title:The tropical water and energy cycles in a cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Equilibrium climate
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 711-728
Abstract:A cumulus ensemble model is used to study the tropical water and energy cycles and their role in the climate system. The model includes cloud dynamics, radiative processes, and microphysics that incorporates all important production and conversion processes among
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Record ID:23/52

Date:12/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tao, W.K. J. Simpson, S. Lang, M. McCumber, R. Adler, R. Penc
Title:An algorithm to estimate the heating budget from vertical hydrometer profiles
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 29, 1232-1244
Abstract:A simple algorithm to estimate the latent heating of cloud systems from their vertical hydrometer profiles is proposed. The derivation as well as the validation of the algorithm is based on output generated by a non-hydrostatic cloud model with parameter
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Record ID:23/53

Date:06/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Taylor, G.R., M.B. Baker
Title:A midlatitude cumulus parameteriation that incorporates cloud top entrainment
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1173-1192
Abstract:In this paper we present a Kuo-tpe cumulus parameterization that includes a steady state one-dimesnional cloud top entraining cloud model and ice phase microphysics
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Record ID:23/54

Date:08/01/1989
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tiedtke, M.
Title:A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large scale models
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1770-1800
Abstract:Observational studies indicate that a mass flux approach may provide a realistic framework for cumulus parameterization in large scale models, but this approach through the introduction of a spectral cloud ensemble, leads normally to rather complex schemes. In this paper the question is addressed wether much simpler schemes
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Record ID:23/55

Date:11/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tiedtke, M.
Title:Representation of clouds in large-scale models
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061
Abstract:A prognostic scheme for stratiform and convective clouds is developed for large-scale models. The time-evolution of clouds is defined through the large-scale budget equations for cloud water content and cloud air (which is converted into a prognostic equation for fractional cloud
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Record ID:23/56

Date:06/15/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(42) Mesoscale Convective Systems
Author:Wu, X., M. Yanai
Title:Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum: Observations and parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1640-1660
Abstract:Dynamical effects of organized cumulus convection on its environment with vertical wind shear are studied. Analyses of the wind field and momentum budget residual for mesoscale convective systems observed during SESAME and PRE-STORM reveal systematic differences in the vertical transport of horizontal momentum between
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Record ID:23/57

Date:02/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M., S.E. Krueger
Title:Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 342-367
Abstract:Diagnostic cloudiness parameterizations in large-scale models are evaluated by using a two-dimensional numerical cumulus ensemble model. The model covers a large horizontal domain (512 km) but resolves indidividual clouds
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Record ID:23/58

Date:11/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yau, M.K.
Title:A two-cylinder model of cumulus cells and its application in computing cumulus transports
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2470-2485
Abstract:A two-cylinder model suitable for computing vertical transports in cumulus cells is formulated. The model includes explicit computation of perturbation pressure and allows the study of the evolution of raindrop size spectra
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Record ID:23/59

Date:12/15/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.-M.
Title:A statistical analysis of the dependency of closure assumptions in cumulus parameterization on the horizontal resolution
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3674-3691
Abstract:Simulated data from the UCLA cumulus ensemble model are used to investigate the quasi-universal validity of clousure assumptions used in existing cumulus parameterizations. A closure assumption is quasi-universally valid if it is sensitive neither to convective cloud regimes nor to horizontal resolutions of large-scale/mesoscale models.
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Record ID:23/60

Date:01/01/1978
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sundqvist, H.
Title:A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 104, 677-690
Abstract:A model for non-convective condensation processes has been developed.
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Record ID:23/61

Date:07/01/1994
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Emanuel, K.A., J.D. Neelin, C.S. Bretherton
Title:On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres
Publication:Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1111-1143
Abstract:The dominant thinking about the interaction between large-scale atmospheric circulations and moist convection holds that convection acts as a heat source for the large-scale circulations, while the latter supply water vapour to the convection. We show that this idea has led to fundamental misconceptions about this interaction, and offer an alternative paradigm, based on the idea that convection is nearly in statistical equilibrium with its environment.
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Record ID:23/62

Date:3/1/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Wang, J., D.A Randall
Title:A cumulus parameterization based on the generalized convective available potential energy.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 5, 716-727.
Abstract:This paper reports tests of a cumulus parameterization in which the reference state associated with the generalized convective potential energy (GCAPE) is chosen as the end-state of the convective adjustment.
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Record ID:23/63

Date:5/15/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Wu, X., M.W. Moncrieff
Title:Collective effects of organized convection and their approximation in general circulation models.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 10, 1477-1495
Abstract:The collective effects of organized convection on the environment were estimated using a two-dimensional, two-way nested cloud-resolving numerical model with a large outer domain (4500 km). As initial conditions, the authors used an idealized environment of the onset stage of the December 1992 westerly wind burst that occurred during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Resonse Experiment.
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Record ID:23/64

Date:1/1/1995
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Randall, D.A., D.-M. Pan
Title:Implementation of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure.
Publication:Proceedings, Workshop on Cumulus Parameterization, Key Biscayne, Florida, May 1991.
Abstract:No abstract.
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Record ID:23/65

Date:03/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Fowler, L.D., D.A. Randall
Title:Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model. Part III: Sensitivity to modeling assumptions.
Publication:J. of Climate, 9, 561-586
Abstract:The inclusion of cloud microphysical processes in general circulation models makes it possible to study the multiple interactions among clouds, the hydrological cycle, and radiation.
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Record ID:23/66

Date:02/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Del Genio, A.D., M.-S. Yao, W. Kovari, K. K.-W. Lo
Title:A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models.
Publication:J. of Climate, 9, 270-304
Abstract:An efficient new prognostic cloud water parameterization designed for use in global climate models is described.
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Record ID:23/67

Date:03/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Fowler, L.D., D.A. Randall, S.A. Rutledge
Title:Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model. Part I: Model description and simulated microphysical processes.
Publication:J. of Climate, 9, 489-529
Abstract:Microphysical processes responsible for the formation and dissipation of water and ice clouds have been incorporated into the Colorado State University General Circulation Model in order to 1) yield a more physically based representation of the components of the atmospheric moisture budget, 2) link the distribution and optical properties of the model-generated clouds to the predicted cloud water and ice amounts, and 3) produce more realistic simulations of the cloudiness and the earth's radiation budget.
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Record ID:23/68

Date:03/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Fowler, L.D., D.A. Randall
Title:Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU General Circulation Model. Part II: Impact on cloudiness, the Earth's radiation budget, and the general circulation of the atmosphere.
Publication:J. of Climate, 9, 530-560
Abstract:A prognostic equation for the mass of condensate associated with large-scale cloudiness introduces a direct coupling between the atmospheric moisture budget and the radiation budget through interactive cloud amounts and cloud optical properties.
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Record ID:23/69

Date:08/20/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Boucher, O., H. Le Treut, M.B. Baker
Title:Precipitation and radiation modeling in a general circulation model: Introduction of cloud microphysical processes.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D8, 16,395-16,414
Abstract:Cloud microphysical processes are introduced in the precipitation parameterization of a general circulation model (GCM). Three microphysical processes are included in this representation of warm cloud precipitation: autoconversion of droplets, collection of droplets by falling raindrops, and evaporation of raindrops falling in clear sky.
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Record ID:23/70

Date:11/15/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zhang, G.J., H.-R. Cho
Title:Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part II: Application.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 22, 2448-2457
Abstract:The parameterization theory developed in Part I is applied to compute the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds for the average of six convective periods in Phase III of GATE.
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Record ID:23/71

Date:06/15/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zhang, G.J., H.-R. Cho
Title:Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part I: Theory.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 12, 1483-1492
Abstract:A scheme is developed to parameterize the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds, in which the effect of a cloud-induced pressure field is included. In addition, a new form for momentum exchange between clouds and their environment is used.
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Record ID:23/72

Date:01/20/1995
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zhang, G.J., N.A. McFarlane
Title:Role of convective scale momentum transport in climate simulation.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D1, 1417-1426
Abstract:This paper studies the effect of convective-scale momentum transport in climate simulation using a comprehensive parameterization scheme. A unique feature of the scheme is the inclusion of the perturbation pressure field induced by convection and its effect on the cloud momentum transport.
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Record ID:23/73

Date:08/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Nehrkorn, T., M. Zivkovic
Title:A comparison of diagnostic cloud cover schemes.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 8, 1732-1745
Abstract:The performance of several schemes for diagnosing cloud cover from forecast model output was tested using a global numerical weather prediction model and the operational USAF RTNEPH (real-time nephanalysis) cloud analysis.
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Record ID:23/74

Date:8/1/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Pan, Z., E. Takle, M. Segal, R. Turner
Title:Influences of model parameterization schemes on the response of rainfall to soil moisture in the central United States.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 8, 1786-1802
Abstract:The sensitivities of soil moisture impacts on summer rainfall in the central United States to different commonly used cumulus parameterization and surface flux schemes are examined using the PSU-NCAR MM5 under different atmospheric and soil moisture conditions.
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Record ID:23/75

Date:01/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tremblay, A., A. Glazer, W. Yu, R. Benoit
Title:A mixed-phase cloud scheme based on a single prognostic equation.
Publication:Tellus, 48A, 483-500
Abstract:A mixed-phase cloud scheme is proposed. It is derived by considering simplifications from cloud microphysics parameterizations currently used in cloud models.
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Record ID:23/76

Date:11/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Rogers, R.F., J.M. Fritsch
Title:A general framework for convective trigger functions
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2438-2452
Abstract:A general framework for the trigger function used in convectie parameterization routines in mesoscale models is proposed
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Record ID:23/77

Date:11/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M., D.A. Randall
Title:A semiempirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3084-3102
Abstract:Data produced from explicit simulations of observed tropical cloud systems and subtropical stratocumuli are used to develop a
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Record ID:23/78

Date:11/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M., D.A. Randall
Title:Evaluation of statistically based cloudiness parameterizations used in climate models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3103-3119
Abstract:Existing cloudiness parameterizations based on specified probability distribution functions (FDFS) and large-scale relative humidity (RH)
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Record ID:23/79

Date:11/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Haiden, T.
Title:Generalization of Albrecht's cumulus cloud amount parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3164-3167
Abstract:A diagnostic parameterization of cumulus cloud amount based on the decay of passive cloud material is reinvestigated
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Record ID:23/80

Date:11/15/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Robe, F.R., K.A. Emanuel
Title:Moist convective scaling: Some inferences from three-dimensional cloud ensemble simulations.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 22, 3265-3275
Abstract:Numerical simulations of the tropical atmosphere were performed using a three-dimensional, convection-resolving, nonhydrostatic cloud model, in order to characterize the sensitivity of mesoscale tropical convection to radiative forcing.
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Record ID:23/81

Date:11/15/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Emanuel, K.A., M. Bister
Title:Moist convective velocity and buoyancy scales.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 22, 3276-3285
Abstract:Velocity, buoyancy, and fractional area scales for moist convection in statistical equilibrium with large scale forcing are derived using the constraints of global energy and entropy conservation, and subcloud-layer thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Record ID:23/82

Date:08/01/1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Devantier, R., A. Raabe
Title:Application of a quasispectral cloud parameterization scheme to a mesoscale snowfall event over the Baltic Sea.
Publication:Beitr. Phys. Atmosph., 69, 3, 375-384
Abstract:A cloud scheme which includes a quasispectral treatment of six different bulk water species (water vapor, cloud water, rainwater, ice, snow, graupel) has been developed to model mesoscale cloud phenomena.
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Record ID:23/83

Date:2/1/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Wang, W., N.L. Seaman
Title:A comparison study of convective parameterization schemes in a mesoscale model.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2, 252-278
Abstract:A comparison study of four cumulus parameterization schemes, the Anthes-Kuo, Betts-Miller, Grell, and Kain-Fritsch schemes, is conducted using the Penn State Univ. NCAR mesoscale model.
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Record ID:23/84

Date:5/15/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cheng, M.-D., A. Arakawa
Title:Inclusion of rainwater budget and convective downdraft in the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 1359-1387
Abstract:A combined updraft-downdraft model that includes the mass, rainwater and vertical momentum budget equations for both updrafts and downdrafts is incorporated into the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization.
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Record ID:23/85

Date:6/1/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kirtman, B.P., D.G. DeWitt
Title:Comparison of atmospheric model wind stress with three different convective parameterizations: Sensitivity of tropical Pacific Ocean simulaitons.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1231-1250
Abstract:The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ocean model has been used to diagnose the sensitivity of the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere studies atmospheric general circulation model wind stress to convective parameterization.
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Record ID:23/86

Date:8/1/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zhao, Q., F.H. Carr
Title:A prognostic cloud scheme for operational NWP models.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1931-1953
Abstract:An explicit cloud prediction model has been developed and incorporated into the Eta Model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.
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Record ID:23/87

Date:04/01/1995
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(59) Radar Meteorology
(71) Tropical Meteorology
Author:Xu, K.-M., D.A. Randall
Title:Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part II: Mechanisms for cloud-radiation interactions
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 800-817
Abstract:The two-dimensional UCLA cumulus ensemble model is used to examine the impact of cloud-radiation interactions on the macroscopie behavior of cumulus ensembles
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Record ID:23/88

Date:9/15/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Hu, Q.
Title:A cumulus parameterization based on a cloud model of intermittently rising thermals.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2292-2307
Abstract:The author presents a cumulus parameterization that uses a cloud model that describes atmospheric convection as consisting of a sequence of intermittently rising thermals.
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Record ID:23/89

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Emanuel, K.A., J.D. Neelin, C.S. Bretherton
Title:Reply to comments by B. Stevens, D.A. Randall, X. Lin, M.T. Montgomery on 'On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres'
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1779-1782
Abstract:None
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Record ID:23/90

Date:09/27/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(32) General Circulation
Author:Ghan, S.J., L.R. Leung, R.C. Easter
Title:Prediction of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 102, D18, 21,777-21,794
Abstract:A predictive treatment of droplet number is applied to both a signle-column cloud model and a global circulation model
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Record ID:23/91

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Stevens, B., D.A. Randall, X. Lin, M.T. Montgomery
Title:Comments on 'On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres' by K.A. Emanual, J.D. Neelin, C.S. Bretherton
Publication:Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1771-1778
Abstract:The review paper by Emanuel et al. (1994, hereafter ENB) provides a stimulating and at times provactive overview of the dynamics of convecting systems and their interaction with larger-scale circulations
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Record ID:23/92

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(21) Cumulus Dynamics
Author:Brown, P.R.A., H.A. Swann
Title:Evaluation of key microphysical parameters in three-dimensional cloud-model simulations using aircraft and multiparameter radar data
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 2245-2275
Abstract:A 3-d numerical model is being used for the development of improved parameterizations of convective transport processes in climate and numerical weather-pediction models.
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Record ID:23/93

Date:3/15/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yano, J.-I., M.W. Moncrieff
Title:Impact of mesoscale momentum transport on large-scale tropical dynamics: Linear analysis of the shallow-water analog.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1038-1050
Abstract:The vertical transport of horizontal momentum by organized convection is a prominent process, yet its impact on the large-scale atmospheric circulation has not even been qualitatively assessed.
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Record ID:23/94

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Randall, D.A., D.M. Pan, P. Ding, D.G. Cripe
Title:Quasi-equilibrium
Publication:In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, R.K. Smith (Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 359-385
Abstract:Quasi-equilibrium of the cloud work function was propsed by Arakawa and Schubert (AS) as a closure assumption to determine the intensity of convective activity.
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Record ID:23/95

Date:12/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Vaidya, S.S., S.S. Singh
Title:Thermodynamic adjustment parameters in the Betts-Miller scheme of convection
Publication:Wea. and Forecasting, 12, 819-825
Abstract:The sensitivity of the prediction of a monsoon depression to the adjustment parameters in a Betts-Miller scheme of deep convection is examined and an optimum parameter set is identified for the monsoon depression.
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Record ID:23/96

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kershaw, R., D. Gregory
Title:Parameterization of momentum transport by convection. I: Theory and cloud modelling results
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 123, 541, 1133-1151
Abstract:The theory of the mass-flux approach to parameterization of convective momentum-transport is presented.
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Record ID:23/97

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gregory, D., R. Kershaw, P.M. Inness
Title:Parameterization of momentum transport by convection. II: Tests in single-column and general circulation models.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 123, 1153-1183
Abstract:Diagnostics derived from cloud-resolving-model simulations in part I of this study, relating to the vertical transport of horizontal momentum by convection, are used to develop a parameterization of convective momentum-transports for deep convection based upon the mass-flux convection-scheme discussed by Gregory and Roundtree.
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Record ID:23/98

Date:5/27/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Ding, P., D.A. Randall
Title:A cumulus parameterization with multiple cloud base levels
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 103, D10, 11341-11353
Abstract:We have generalized the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization to allow multiple cloud-base levels.
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Record ID:23/99

Date:03/01/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Hammarstrand, U.
Title:Questions involving the use of traditional convection parameterization in NWP models with a higher resolution.
Publication:Tellus, 50A, 265-282
Abstract:Traditional schemes for parameterization of convection have mainly been developed and tested for models with horizontal resolution of the order of 100 km.
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Record ID:23/100

Date:03/01/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Michaud, L.M.
Title:Entrainment and detrainment required to explain updraft properties and work dissipation.
Publication:Tellus, 50A, 283-301
Abstract:A 1D thermodynamic entrainment-detrainment model is used to determine updraft virtual temperature excess, updraft velocity, and other updraft properties from sounding data.
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Record ID:23/101

Date:10/1/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Hong, S.-Y., Y.-L. Pan
Title:Convective trigger function for a mass-flux cumulus parameterization scheme
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2599-2620
Abstract:A precipitation physics package for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Regional Spectral Model designed to improve the skill of precipitation forecasts is proposed.
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Record ID:23/102

Date:01/15/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(46) Microphysics - Warm Cloud
Author:Brenguier, J.L.
Title:Parameterization of the condensation process: A theoretical approach
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 264-282
Abstract:A theoretical formulation is given that allows spearate consideration of the major factors governing cloud droplet spectra in nonprecipitating cumulus clouds; activation of nuclei, condensational growth, and turbulent mixing.
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Record ID:23/103

Date:06/01/1999
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Emanuel, K. A., M. Zivkovic-Rothman
Title:Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 56, pp. 1766-1782
Abstract:CUmulus convection is a key process in controllnig the water vapor content of the atmosphere, which is in turn the largest feedback mechanism for climate change in global climate models.
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Record ID:23/104

Date:11/01/1999
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yano, J.-I.
Title:Scale-serparation and quasi-equilibrium principles in Arakawa and Schubert's cumulus parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 56, pp. 3821-3823
Abstract:Arakawaa and Schubert's cumulus parameterization is fomulated under the two asymptotic limits of o-->0 and t/t --> o is the fractional area occupied by cumulus convection, and t and t are the characteristic timescale for convection and large scales, respectively.
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Record ID:23/105

Date:10/01/1999
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yang, Y., I. M. Navon, R. Todling, W. Yang
Title:Sensitivity to large-scale environmental fields of the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert parameterization in the NASA GEOS-1 GCM
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, pp. 2359-2378
Abstract:An adjoint sensitivity analysis of the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration GEO-1 GCM with respect to perturbations in large-scale environmental fields was conducted.
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Record ID:23/106

Date:10/01/1999
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yang, Y., I. M. Navon, R. Todling, W. Yang
Title:Sensitivity to large-scale environmental fields of the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert parameterization in the NASA GEOS-1 GCM
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, pp. 2359-2378
Abstract:An adjoint sensitivity analysis of the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration GEO-1 GCM with respect to perturbations in large-scale environmental fields was conducted.
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Record ID:23/107

Date:01/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(41) Mesoscale Meteorology
Author:Balling, R.C., Jr., S.W. Brazel
Title:Diurnal variation in Arizona monsoon precipitation frequencies
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 342-346
Abstract:This paper identifies the spatial and temporal patterns in diurnal variations of Arizona's monsoon precipitaitn frequencies.
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Record ID:23/108

Date:04/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(19) Cumulus
Author:Telford, J.W., S.K. Chai
Title:Vertical mixing in clear air and clouds
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 32, 700-715
Abstract:The realization that clouds are diluted by the entrainment of dry air from outside the cloud boundaries began more than 40 years ago. Cloud-top entrainment was first clearly recognized by Squires in 1958. Warner and Squires showed that the dilution increased towards cloud top and was uniform across the cloud perpendicular
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Record ID:23/109

Date:01/01/1981
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Albrecht, B.A.
Title:Parameterization of trade-cumulus cloud amounts
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 97-105
Abstract:A scheme for parameterizing the fractional cloud coverage of trade cumulis is developed which gives the cloud cover in terms of the cloud-layer relative humidity and the liqid water content of the convective elements. This parameterization gives good agreement with cloud observations obtained during the Atlantic Trade-Wind Experiment, 1969.
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Record ID:23/110

Date:03/01/1977
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Anthes, R.A.
Title:Hurricane model experiments with a new cumulus parameterization scheme
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 287-300
Abstract:A cumulus parameterization scheme that utilizes a one-dimensional cloud model is tested in a revised, axisymmetric hurricane model. The details of how the parameterizatin scheme may be incorporated into a larger scale model are presented.
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Record ID:23/111

Date:03/01/1977
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Anthes, R.A.
Title:A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 270-286
Abstract:A method for parameterizing the effects of deep cumulus cloud on the larger scale thermodynamic and moisture fields in numerical models is proposed. Rigorous derivations of the effect of cumulus clouds on their environment are derived for two definitions of the large-scale averaged variables.
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Record ID:23/112

Date:01/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Arakawa, A., J.-M. Chen
Title:Closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization problem
Publication:107-131
Abstract:The problem of cumulus parameterization is a closure problem, in which we seek a limited number of equations that govern the statistics of a system with huge dimensions. A great deal of uncertainty still exists in the choice of appropriate closure assumptions for this problem.
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Record ID:23/113

Date:03/01/1986
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Barnes, R.T.H., B.W. Golding
Title:A parametrization of deep convection for use in a non-hydrostatic mesoscale model
Publication:draft
Abstract:The deep convection parametrization scheme used in the UK Meteorlogical Office mesoscale model is described, and alternative treatments of environmental subsidence effects suggested.
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Record ID:23/114

Date:01/01/1972
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Bates, J.R.
Title:Tropical disturbances and the general circulation
Publication:Q.J.R. Met. Soc., 98, 1-16
Abstract:The role of the Tropics in the general circulation of the atmosphere is discussed, with emphasis on the rising branch of the Hadley cell. The rising motion takes place largely in organized tropical disturbances and in the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
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Record ID:23/115

Date:05/01/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Betts, A.K.
Title:A composite mesoscale cumulonimbus budget
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 597-610
Abstract:Composite maps at levels from 950 to 150 mb of relative wind field (Vr), mixing ration (r), equivalent potential temperture (Oe), and temperature perturbation T') from the growth and decay phases of a mean mesoscale cumulonimbus system (system used had a maximum radar echo area >400 km^2) were constructed using radar and one rawinsode (experiment VIMHEX) for days having a similar synoptic-scale wind field.
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Record ID:23/116

Date:03/03/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Betts, A.K.
Title:Precalibration of VIZ-NWS Radiosonde
Publication:Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 54, 222-223
Abstract:
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Record ID:23/117

Date:08/05/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Betts, A.K.
Title:a relatioship between stratification, cloud depth, and permitted cloud radii
Publication:J. App. Met., 12, 890-893
Abstract:A one-dimensional cumulus model is used to interrelate cloud radius, stratification and cloud height. It is suggested that if only certain ranges of cloud height and radius are permitted, then from the stratification, one can predict, using a model, allowed cloud radii and a corresponding depth to the convective layer.
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Record ID:23/118

Date:04/01/1978
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Fritsch, J.M.
Title:Parameterization of mid-latitude organized convection
Publication:Ph.D. disertation, Colorado State Univ., Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, 143 pp
Abstract:Mass, moisture and energy budgets, vertical circulations, and large scale controls of mid-latitude organized convection are discussed within the framework of cumulus parameterization theory.
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Record ID:23/119

Date:01/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kristjansson, J.E.
Title:Cloud parameterization at different horizontal resolutions
Publication:Q.J.R. Metoeorol. Soc., 117, 1255-1280
Abstract:As faster computers emerge, resolution continues to improve in weather-prediction and climate models.
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Record ID:23/120

Date:01/01/1968
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Arakawa, A., A. Katayama, Y. Mintz
Title:Numerical simulation of the general circulation of the atmosphere
Publication:Reprint No. 4, Numerical Simulation of Weather and Climate, Dept. of Meteoroly, University of California, LA.
Abstract:None
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Record ID:23/121

Date:01/01/1986
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Betts, A.K., M.J. Miller
Title:A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets
Publication:Quart. J.R. Met. Soc., 112, 693-709
Abstract:The schemes proposed in part I are tested using single-column data sets from tropical field experiments (GATE, BOMEX, ATEX) and an arctic airm-mass transformation.
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Record ID:23/122

Date:11/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Blyth, A.M., J. Latham
Title:A climatological parameterization for cumulus clouds
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2367-2371
Abstract:A research airplaine was used to study the microphysical characteristics of ice-free, nonprecipitating summertime cumulus clouds in Montana.
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Record ID:23/123

Date:10/01/1989
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gregory, D., M.J. Miller
Title:A numerical study of the parameterization of deep tropical convection
Publication:Q.J.R. Met. Soc., 115, 1209-1241
Abstract:A two-dimensional mesoscale cloud model is used to simulate an ensemble of deep tropical convective clouds using GATE data.
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Record ID:23/124

Date:08/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Stein, U., P. Alpert
Title:Inclusion of sea moisture flux in the Anthes-Kuo cumulus parameterization
Publication:Beitr. Phys. Atmosph., 64, 231-243
Abstract:The Kuo-Anthes cumulus parameterization was modified to include explicity surface moisture flux.
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Record ID:23/125

Date:04/01/1995
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M., D.A. Randall
Title:Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopie behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part I: Radiation parameterization and sensitivity tests
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 785-799
Abstract:Implementation of a broadband radiation parameterization in the UCLA cumulus ensemble model (CEM) is discussed in this study, with emphasis on the specific problems associated with adequate calculation of radiative transfer processes in the CEM.
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Record ID:23/126

Date:01/01/1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M.
Title:The coupling of cumulus convection with large-scale processes
Publication:Ph.D. dissertation, The Univeristy of California at Los Angeles, Atmospheric Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 250 pp
Abstract:The extent to which cumulus convection can be parameterized deterministically and diagnostically (i.e., without introducing additional prognostic equations) for use in large-scale prognostic models is one of the most basic quations in modeling the atmosphere.
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Record ID:23/127

Date:07/01/1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Chen, D., P. Bougeault
Title:A simple prognostic closure assumption to deep convective parameterization: I
Publication:Acta Met. Sinica., 7, 1-18
Abstract:In this work, the problem of dependency of the predicted rainfall upon the grid-size in mesoscale numerical weather prediction models is addressed.
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Record ID:23/128

Date:01/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Jonas, P.
Title:On the parameterization of clouds containing water droplets
Publication:Q.J.R. Met. Soc., 117, 257-263
Abstract:A one-dimensional model of the growth of droplets by condensation in an entraining cumulus cloud is used to examine the sensitivity of the average spectrum at a given height to the cloud base temperature, liquid water content and condensation nucleus spectrum.
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Record ID:23/129

Date:01/01/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Wai, M.M.K., T.N. Krishnamurti
Title:An improvement in cumulus parameterization by invoking outgoing longwave radiation
Publication:Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 50, 175-187
Abstract:The Kuo-type cumulus parameterization and rainfall rate scheme is extended by including the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), the local time rate of change of LR and the horizontal Laplacian of LR to include the additional source of mesoscale moisture supply.
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Record ID:23/130

Date:12/15/1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Xu, K.M., A. Arakawa
Title:Semiprognostic tests of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization using simulated data
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2421-2436
Abstract:The Arakawa-Schubert (A-S) cumulus parameterization is evaluated by performaning against data simulated by a cumulus ensemble model (CEM).
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Record ID:23/131

Date:01/01/1986
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Betts, A.K.
Title:A new convective adjustment scheme Part I: Observational and theoretical basis
Publication:Q.J.R. Meter. Soc., 112, 677-691
Abstract:A new convective adjustment is proposed, based on the simultaneous relaxation of temperature and moisture fields towards observed quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic structures, with a relaxation time of order two hours. Separate schemes are used for deep and shallow (non-precipiting) convection.
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Record ID:23/132

Date:07/01/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cheng, M.-D., A. Arakawa
Title:Inclusion of convective downdrafts in the arakawa-schubert cumulus parameterization
Publication:Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles
Abstract:The Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization (Arakawa and Schubert, 1974) combines a spectral cumulus ensemble model with a closure assumption on the equilibrium of cloud work function (see also Lord and Arakawa, 1980; Lord, 1982; Lord et al., 1982).
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Record ID:23/133

Date:08/01/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Dugan, F.J.
Title:The thermodynamic structure of the cumulus sub-cloud layer
Publication:Thesis, Colorado State University
Abstract:Data acquired during the 1972 Venezuelan International Meteorological and Hydrological Experiments is used to study the thermodynamic structure of the cumulus sub-cloud layer: its time dependence, and transformation by precipitation.
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Record ID:23/134

Date:09/01/1983
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Frank, W.M.
Title:Review: The cumulus parameterization problem
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 18591871
Abstract:In the past two decades there has been extensive research into the nature of atmospheric convection and scale interactions in cumulus regimes. A major goal of these efforts has been to advance the state of the art in cumulus parameterization.
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Record ID:23/135

Date:09/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kao, C.-Y.J., Y. Ogura
Title:Response of cumulus clouds to large-scale forcing using the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2438-2458
Abstract:A cumulus parameterization scheme developed by Arakawa and Schubert was tested through a semiprognostic approach using two different datasets: one for tropical cloud band, the other for tropical composite easterly wave disturbances.
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Record ID:23/136

Date:09/08/1984
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kuo, Y.-H., R.A. Anthes
Title:Semiprognostic tests of Kuo-Type cumulus parameterization schemes in a extratropical convective system
Publication:Mon. Wea.Rev., 112, 1498-1509
Abstract:Heat and moisture budgets associated with a midlatitude convective system (10-11 April 1979) are used to evaluate several versions of Kuo-type cumulus parameterization schemes on a semiprognostic basis.
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Record ID:23/137

Date:07/01/1980
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kuo, H.L., W.H. Raymond
Title:A quasi-one-dimensional cumulus cloud model and parameterization of cumulus heating and mixing effects
Publication:Mon. Wea.Rev., 108, 991-1009
Abstract:The characteristic properties of cumulus convection are investigated using a semi-one-dimensional, axisymmertic, quasi-Lagrangian steady-state model which takes into consideration the influence of the pressure perturbation, density stratification and nearby moist downdraft under two different environmental situations.
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Record ID:23/138

Date:03/15/1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Lilly, D.K., B.F. Jewett
Title:momentum and kinetic energy budgets of simulated supercell thunderstorms
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 707-726
Abstract:The results of numerical simulations of severe thunderstorms with rotating updrafts and supercell characteristica are analyzed to determine their sources, sinks and transports of momentum and kinetic energy.
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Record ID:23/139

Date:08/01/1985
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Molonari, J.
Title:notes and correspondence; A general form of Kuo's cumulus parameterization
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1411-1416
Abstract:A formulation of Kuo's cumulus parameterization id described which satisfies arbitray vertical profiles of apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moiture sink (Q2).
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Record ID:23/140

Date:04/01/1985
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Molinari, J., T. Corsetti
Title:Incorporation of cloud-scale and mesoscale downdrafts into a cumulus parameterization: results of one- and three-dimensional integrations
Publication:Mon. Wea.Rev., 113, 485-501
Abstract:Cumulus and mesoscale downdrafts are incorporated into the cumulus parameterization fo Kuo. Convection is driven by grid-scale moisture supply, and distributed vertically by temperature and specific humidity differences between the environment and an idealized cloud.
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Record ID:23/141

Date:01/01/1974
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Nitta, T., S. Esbensen
Title:Heat and moisture budget analyses
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 17-28
Abstract:Large-scale heat and moisture budgets over the tropical Atlantic Ocean are examined during Phase 3 (22-30 June 1969) of the Barbados Oceanographic and meteorological Experiment (BOMEX).
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Record ID:23/142

Date:09/01/1972
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Nitta, T., Y. Ogura
Title:Numerical simulation of the development of the intermediate-scale cyclone in a moist , model atmospere
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1011-1024
Abstract:The genesis and development of an intermediate-scale cyclone in middle latitudes was simulated numerically and its three dimensional structure analyzed. A six-level moist primitive equation model was run for a channel flow with an initial weal baroclinicity.
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Record ID:23/143

Date:10/01/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Ogura, Y., H.-R. Cho
Title:Diagnostic determination of cumulus cloud population from observed large-scale variables
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1276-1286
Abstract:A method is proposed whereby some properties of cumulus cloud population are determined from observed large-scale meteorological variables. This method combines large-scale heat and moisture balance considerations with a simple steady-state one-dimensional model for an individual cumulus cloud.
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Record ID:23/144

Date:12/01/1971
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Ooyama, K.
Title:V. Convection and convective adjustment: A theory on parameterization of cumulus convection
Publication:J. Mete. Soc. Japan, 49, 744-756
Abstract:On the assumption that cumulus clouds can be represented by independent buoyant elements, a general theory is developed for parametization of cumulus convection in large-scale weather systems.
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Record ID:23/145

Date:07/01/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Rosenthal, S.L.
Title:Hurricane modeling experiments with a new parameterization for cumulus convection
Publication:U.S. Department of Commerce,1-41
Abstract:Hurricane modeling experiments that use a new method of cumulus parameterization are described. The model provides realistic simulations of the hurricane-wind and temperature fields.
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Record ID:23/146

Date:02/01/1978
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Rosenthal, S.
Title:Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with latent heat release by the resolvable scales I: Model description and preliminary results
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 258-271
Abstract:Axisymmetric hurricane simulations with a hydrostatic model, in which the release of latent heat occurs tatally in convective elements that are explicity resolved on a 20 km horizontal grid, are presented.
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Record ID:23/147

Date:07/01/1974
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Schubert, W.
Title:Cumulus parameterization theory in terms of feedback and control
Publication:Thesis, Colorado State University
Abstract:The cumulus parameterization theory presented by Arakawa and Schubert (1974) describes the mutual interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with its large-scale environment.
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Record ID:23/148

Date:01/011983
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Sommeria, G.
Title:Condensation parameterization in a convection model
Publication:Mesoscale Mete., 577-590
Abstract:Condensation is one of the main physical processes which has to be taken into account in atmospheric convection modeling. The problem is treated here with the simplest microphysical approach but with emphasis on the way condensation may be taken into account in subgrid-scale parameterization methods.
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Record ID:23/149

Date:12/01/1976
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Stark, T.E.
Title:Wave-CISK and Cumulus Parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2383-2391
Abstract:A linerized verison of the cumulus parameterization theoru of Arakawa and Schubert (1974) is used in an equatorial wave model to test the wave-CISK hypothesis under the quasi-equilibrium assumption.
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Record ID:23/150

Date:01/01/1977
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Stevens, D.E., R.S. Lindzen
Title:A new model of tropical waves incorporating momentum mixing by cumulus convection
Publication:Dynam. Atmos. and Oceans, 1, 365-425
Abstract:A comparison is made between the magnitudes of observed large-scale weather waves over the tropical Pacific and the magnitudes of the corresponding waves, predicted by wave-CISK theries, which are driven by the observed amount of latent heating (i.e., precipitation).
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Record ID:23/151

Date:03/01/1972
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Vergeiner, I., Y. Ogura
Title:A numerical shallow-fluid model including orography with a variable grid
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 270-284
Abstract:A system of shallow-fluid equations on the rotating earth is integrated numerically as an initial and boundary value problem for air flow across a mountain barrier. The fluid is confined in a channel bounded by two parallel walls at 30N and 70S.
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Record ID:23/152

Date:05/01/1973
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yanai, M., S. esbensen, J.-H. Chu
Title:Determination of bulk properties of troical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627
Abstract:THe bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters, such as the vertical mass flux, the excess temperature, and moisture and the liquid water content of the clouds, are determined from a combination.
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Record ID:23/153

Date:08/01/1987
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Williams, S.F., H.M. Goodman, K.R. Knupp, J.E. Arnold
Title:Space/COHMEX data inventory doument
Publication:NASA
Abstract:
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Record ID:23/154

Date:9/15/2000
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gerber, H., Y. Takano, T.J. Garrett, P.V. Hobbs
Title:Nephelometer measurements of the asymmetry parameter, volume extinctin coefficient, and backscatter ratio in arctic clouds
Publication:JAS, 57, 3021-3034
Abstract:a ne instrumentm a cloud integrating nephelometer (CIN), was used on the University of Washington's CV-580 research aircraft to measure the asymmetry parameter (g), volume scatterin coefficient, and backscatter ratio in clouds in situ and in visable spectrum during the FIRE-ACE/SHEBA field project in the late spring and summer of 1998 in the Arctic.
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Record ID:23/155

Date:0/0/2000
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Yano, J.I., W.W. Grabowski, G.L. Roff, B.E. Mapes
Title:Asymptotic approaches to convective quasi-equilibrium
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1861-1887
Abstract:The physical principle of convective quasi-equilibrium propsed by Arakawa and Schubert states that the atmosphere is effectively adjusted to equilibrium by an active role of convective heating against large-scale forcing (physical convective quasi-equilibrium, or PCQ).
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Record ID:23/156

Date:11/01/2000
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Lin, C., A. Arakawa
Title:Empirical determination of the basic modes of cumulus heating and drying
Publication:JAS, 57, 3571-3591
Abstract:The constraint on the coupled vertical profile of cumulus heating and drying, which can be used as a partial closure in cumulus parameterization, is examined using observational data from convectively active regions in the summertime.
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Record ID:23/157

Date:11/01/2000
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Janjic, Z.I.
Title:Comments on
Publication:JAS, 57, 3486-3687
Abstract:
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Record ID:23/158

Date:12/01/2000
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Weckwerth, T.M.
Title:The effect of small-scale moisture variability on thunderstorm initiation
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4017-4030
Abstract:Obervation during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) project illustrate that horizontal convective rolls are capable of providing sufficient forcing to initiate free moist convection.
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Record ID:23/159

Date:02/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zehnder, J.A.
Title:A comparison of convergence- and surface-flux-based convective parameterization with applications to tropical cyclogenesis
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 283-301
Abstract:The evolutions of radially symmetric vortices and idealized easterly waves are compared using three simple convective parameterization schemes.
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Record ID:23/160

Date:02/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Zehnder, J. A.
Title:A comparison of convergence- and surface-flux-based convective parameterizations with applications of tropical cyclogenesis
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, pp. 283-301
Abstract:The evolutions of radially symmetric vorticies and idealized easterly waves are compared using three simple convective parameterizations schemes.
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Record ID:23/161

Date:02/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Convective momentun transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part I: General features
Title:Tung, W., M. Yanai
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., (Submitted)
Abstract:The momentum budget residual, X=(X,Y), is estimated with the objectively analyzed soundings taken during the TOGA-COARE Intensive Observing Period (November 1992-February 1993)to study the effects of convective momentum transport (CMT) over the western Pacific warm pool.
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Record ID:23/162

Date:01/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gregory, D.
Title:Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc., 127, 53-72
Abstract:a method for estimating lateral entrainment rate in clouds is suggested, linking its magnitude to buoyant production of vertical kinetic energy within a cloud updraght.
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Record ID:23/163

Date:01/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Bechtold, P., E. Bazile, F. Guichard, P. Mascart, E. Richard
Title:A mass-flux convection scheme for regional and global models
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol Soc., 127, 869-886
Abstract:A bulk mass-flux convection parametrization for deep and shallow convection is presented that includes an efficient and straightforward treatment of numerics, moist thermodynamics and convective downdraughts.
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Record ID:23/164

Date:08/15/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Donner, L.J., C.J. Seman, R.S. Hemler
Title:A cumulus parameterization including mass fluxes, conective vertical velocities, and mesoscale effects: thermodynamic and hydrological aspects in a general circulation model
Publication:J. of Climate, 14, 3444-3463
Abstract:A cumulus parameterization based on mass fluxes, convective-sclae verticities, and mesoscale effects has been incorated in a atmospheric general circulation model (GCM).
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Record ID:23/165

Date:09/15/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Liu, C., M.W. Moncrieff
Title:Cumulus ensembles in shear: implications for parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2832-2842
Abstract:A systematic numerical investigation is conducted into the role of ambient shear on the macrophysical properties of tropical cumulus ensembles maintained by convective available potential energy generated by constant surface fluxes of temperature and moisture and large-scale advective cooling and moistening.
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Record ID:23/166

Date:11/01/2001
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Bony, S., K.A. Emanuel
Title:A parameterization of the cloudiness associated with cumulus convection; evaluation using TOGA COARE data
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3158-3183
Abstract:A new parameterization of the cloudiness associted with cumulus convection is proposed for use in climate models.
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Record ID:23/167

Date:3/1/2002
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Wei-Bing Lin, J., J.D. Neelin
Title:Considerations for Stochastic Convective Parameterization
Publication:J. Atmos Sci.,59, 959-975
Abstract:Convective parameterization in general circulation models (GCM's) generally only aim to simulate the mean or first-order moment of convection: higher moments associated with subgrid variability are not explicitly considered.
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Record ID:23/168

Date:06/15/2002
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Tompkins, A.M.
Title:A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid-scale variability of water wapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to ciagnose cloud cover
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1917-1942
Abstract:A parameterization for the horizontal subgrid scale variability of water vapor and cloud condensate is introduced
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Record ID:23/169

Date:01/01/1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Randall, D.A., Ding, P., Pan, D.M
Title:The Arakawa-Schubert Parameterization
Publication:The Phys. and Para. of Moist Atmos, Convec.
Abstract:The review paper begins with a brief statement of the cumulus parameterization problem, and a quick summary of the approach
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Record ID:23/170

Date:07/15/200/
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:J.W. Bergman, Rasch, P.J.
Title:Parameterizing Vertically Coherent Cloud Distributions
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2165-2182
Abstract:A parameterization for specifying subgrid-scale cloud distributions in atmospheric models is developed.
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Record ID:23/171

Date:09/01/2002
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Khairoutdinov, M.F., D.A. Randall
Title:Similarity of Deep Continental Cumulus Convection as Revealed by a Three-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Model
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2550-2566
Abstract:A three dimensional cloud-resolving simulation of midlatitude continental convection during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program summer 1997 intensive observation period (IOP)is used to study the similarity of several second and third statistical moments and second-moment budgets among five episodes of deep convection.
Location:
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Record ID:23/172

Date:09/01/2002
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Chaboureau, J.P., Bechtold, P.
Title:A Simple Cloud Parameterization Derived from Cloud Resolving Model Data: Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2362-2372
Abstract:A simple statistical parameterization of cloud water-related variables that has been originally developed for nonprecipating boundary layer clouds is extended for all cloud types including deep precipitating convection.
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Record ID:23/173

Date:1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Alexander and Cotton
Title:The use of cloud-resolving simulations of mesoscale convective systems to build a convective parameterization scheme
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2137-2161
Abstract:none
Location:reprints box 37
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Record ID:23/174

Date:1997
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Jiang, H., W.R. Cotton, R.L. McAnelly
Title:Testing a coupled cumulus-MCS parameterization in different microphysical parameterization in RAMS
Publication:22nd Conference on Hurricanes, 19-23 May 1997, Ft. Collins, CO.
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 35
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Record ID:23/175

Date:1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Jiang, H., R.L. McAnelly, W.R. Cotton
Title:The trigger function to activate an MCS parameterization scheme in GCM
Publication:7th Conference on Mesoscale Processess, 9-13 September 1996, Reading, UK, AMS
Abstract:none
Location:reprints box 36
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Record ID:23/176

Date:1996
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cotton, W.R., H. Jiang, S.C.R. Rafkin, G.D. Alexander, R.L. McAnelly
Title:Parameterization of Cumulus and MCS's in GCM's to mesoscale models
Publication:Workshop on New Insights and Approaches to Convective Parameterization, 4-7 Nov. Reading, England.
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 35
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Record ID:23/177

Date:11/2002
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cohen, C.
Title:A Comparison of Cumulus Parameterization in Idealized Sea-Breeze Simulations
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2554-2571
Abstract:Four cumulus parameterizations in the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (Penn State-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) are compared in idealized sea-breeze simulations with the aim of discovering why they work as they do.
Location:2
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Record ID:23/178

Date:1995
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Mocko, Cotton
Title:Evaluation of fractional cloudiness parameterizations for use in a mesoscale model
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2884-2901
Abstract:none
Location:reprints box 32
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Record ID:23/179

Date:1993
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Weissbluth, Cotton
Title:The representation of convection in mesoscale models Part I: Scheme fabrication and Calibration
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3852-3872
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 30
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Record ID:23/180

Date:1991
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Weissbluth, Cotton
Title:A cumulus parameterization scheme designed for nested grid meso-B-scale models.
Publication:9th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, 14-18 October 1991, Denver, CO. AMS, Boston, MA,
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 28
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Record ID:23/181

Date:1992
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Weissbluth, Cotton
Title:An Approach for parameterizing mesoscale precipitating systems
Publication:5th Conference on Mesoscale Processes, 6-10 Jan. 1992, Atlanta, GA. AMS
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 28
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Record ID:23/182

Date:1990
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Weissbluth, Cotton
Title:A hybrid cumulus parameterization for meso-B-scale models
Publication:Conference on Cloud Physics, July 23-27 1990, San Francisco, CA.
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 27
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Record ID:23/183

Date:1984
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cotton, Tripoli, Tremback
Title:Parameterization of cumulus convection on the mesoscale-A philosophical approach
Publication:International Conference on Mesoscale Meteorology, 6-10 Feb. Melbourne, Australia
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 20
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Record ID:23/184

Date:1977
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Cotton, Tripoli
Title:Implications of three-dimensional numerical simulation experiments on the cumulus scale to the parameterization of cumulus convection
Publication:11th Tech. Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami Beach, FL. 502-507
Abstract:none.
Location:reprints box 12
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Record ID:23/185

Date:10/01/1998
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(46) Microphysics - Warm Cloud
(45) Microphysics - Ice Phase
Author:Hong, S.Y., H.M.H. Juang, Q. Zhao
Title:Implementation of prognostic cloud scheme for a regional spectral model
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2621-2639.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to develop a precipitation physics package for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) designed to improve the skill of precipitation forecasts.
Location:3
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Record ID:23/186

Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(51) Numerical Weather Prediction
Author:Krishnamurti, T.N., J. Sanjay
Title:A new approach to the cumulus parameterizaiton issue
Publication:Tellus, 55A, 275-300.
Abstract:Can the superensemble methodology provide improved precipitation forecasts by combining existing physical parameterizations?
Location:2
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Record ID:23/187

Date:01/01/2004
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kain, J.S.
Title:The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: An update
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 43, 170-181
Abstract:Numerous modifications to the Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization have been implemented over the last decade.
Location:2
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Record ID:23/188

Date:1/1/02003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Deng
Title:A shallow-convection
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci.
Abstract:fill in
Location:2
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Record ID:23/189

Date:1/1/02003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Deng, A., N. Seaman, J.S. Kain
Title:A shallow-convection parameterization for mesoscale models. Part I: Submodel description and preliminary applications
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 34-56
Abstract:A shallow-convection parameterization suitable for both marine and continental regimes is developed for use in mesoscale models.
Location:2
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Record ID:23/190

Date:1/1/2003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Deng, A., N.L. Seaman, J.S. Kain
Title:A shallow-convection parameterization for mesoscale models. Part II: verification and sensitivity studies
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 57-78
Abstract:Formulations describing a new shallow convective parameterization intended for mesoscale models have been described in a companion paper, Part 1.
Location:2
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Record ID:23/191

Date:11/01/2003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Randall, D., M. Khairoutdinov, A. Arakawa, W. Grabowski
Title:Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock
Publication:Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., Nov. 2003, 1547-1564
Abstract:Progress on the cloud parameterization problems has been too slow. The authors advocate a new approach that is very promising but also very expensive computationally.
Location:3
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Record ID:23/192

Date:05/01/2003
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(79) Cloud Resolving Modeling
Author:Zhang, G.J., X. Wu
Title:Convective momentum transport and perturbation pressure field from a cloud-resolving model simulation
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1120-1139.
Abstract:This study uses a 2D cloud-resolving model to investigate the vertical transport of horizontal momentum and to understand the role of a convection-generated perturbation pressure field in the momentum transport by convective systems during part of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE)....
Location:2
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Record ID:23/193

Date:07/01/2006
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Kuang, Zhiming, C.S. Bretherton
Title:A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1895-1909.
Abstract:In this paper, an idealized, high-resolution simulation of a gradually forced transition from shallow, nonprecipitating to deep, precipitating cumulus convection is described: ...
Location:2
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Record ID:23/194

Date:01/01/2007
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Gultepe, I., G.A. Isaac
Title:Cloud fraction parameterization as a function of mean cloud water content and its variance using in-situ observations
Publication:Geophys. Res. Ltrs., 34, L07801, doi:10.1029/2006GL028223.
Abstract:The main objective of the present work is to use in-situ data to parameterize cloud fraction(C_s) as a function of both cloud condensed water content and its variability over scales of 10 km and 100 km.
Location:2
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Record ID:23/195

Date:08/01/2007
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Jerry M. Straka, Katharine M. Kanak, and Matthew S. Gilmore
Title:The Behavior of Number Concentration Tendencies for the Continuous Collection Growth Equation Using One- and Two-Moment Bulk Parameterization Schemes
Publication:J. Appl. Met. Clim., 46, 1264-1274.
Abstract:This paper presents a mathematical explanation for the nonconservation of total number concentration Nt of hydrometeors for the continuous collection growth process, for which Nt physically should be conserved for selected one- and two-moment bulk parameterization schemes.
Location:http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-toc&issn=1558-8432&volume=46&issue=8
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Record ID:23/196

Date:07/01/2007
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:D. J. Raymond
Title:Testing a cumulus parametrization with a cumulus ensemble model in weak-temperature-gradient mode
Publication:Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., Volume 133, Issue 626 (July 2007 Part A), p. 1073-1085.
Abstract:This paper prototypes a method for calibrating a cumulus parametrization against a cumulus ensemble model.
Location:http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/113388514/?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
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Record ID:23/197

Date:08/01/2007
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
Author:Barahona, Donifan; Nenes, Athanasios
Title:Parameterization of cloud droplet formation in large-scale models: Including effects of entrainment
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, No. D16, D16206, doi:10.1029/2007JD008473.
Abstract:This work offers for the first time a comprehensive parameterization suitable for large-scale models which is robust, computationally efficient, and from first principles links chemical effects, aerosol heterogeneity and entrainment with cloud droplet formation.
Location:http://www.agu.org/pubs/current/jd/?month=August
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Record ID:23/198

Date:01/01/2005
Subject:(23) Cumulus Parameterization
(66) Stratiform/Stratocu Clouds
(19) Cumulus
Author:Larson, V.E., J-C. Golaz, H. Jiang, and W.R. Cotton
Title:Supplying local microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: Latin hypercube sampling
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4010-4026
Abstract:See paper
Location:Reprints - Box 47
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Record ID:23/199

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