Date:00/00/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Bradley, S., C. Stow
Title:The modification of joint size-charge distribution in rain. Part I: Computations which exclude partial coalescence
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2797-2803
Abstract:The effect of individual charge-modifying proceses is tested by following the development of joint distribtuions of raindrop size and charge through a fall depth of 1 km beneath a weakly electrified warm cloud. Evaporation, ion chapture, and coalescence all cause the small-drop charge distribution to become narrower and any initially skewed
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Record ID:13/1

Date:00/00/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Bradley, S., C. Stow
Title:The modification of joint size-charge distribution in rain. Part II: Computations which exclude partial coalescence
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2804-2810
Abstract:Raindrop collisional breakup is included in a model of joint size-charge distribution development.
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Record ID:13/2

Date:08/01/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Browning, G.L., I. Tzur, R.G. Roble
Title:A global time-dependent model of thunderstorm electricity. Part I: Mathematical properties of the physical and numerical models
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2166-2177
Abstract:A time-dependent model that simulates the interaction of a thunderstorm with its electrical environment is introduced. The model solves the continuity equation of the Maxwell current density that
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Record ID:13/3

Date:00/00/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Freier, G.D.
Title:Time-dependent fields and a new mode of charge generation in severe thunderstorms
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 10, 1067-1975
Abstract:This paper shows how the field parameters throughout a thunderstorm are releated, and it shows how some of these relations have been adequately tested, while other relations will require more testing. It is shown how precipitation currents can alter the storms' behavior in predictable ways, and, as an example of this type of modification, how the thunderstorm can become a much larger generator of electrical energy
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Record ID:13/4

Date:11/1/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hallett, J., C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Charge separation associated with secondary ice crystal production
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2230-2235
Abstract:Laboratory studies of rime growth on a moving rod under conditions of secondary ice crystal production show that the rod acquires a positive charge, equivalent to charge associated with each ejected particle of 5 times 10^-4 C. Ice crystals produced by seeding also impart a positive charge to the rime, equivalent of a charge per particle of 5 times 10^-16 C. As the water vapor supply is cut off, the charge sign reverses. The results suggest
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Record ID:13/5

Date:06/01/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Chuang, C.C., K.V. Beard
Title:A numerical model for the equilibrium shape of electrified raindrops
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1374-1389
Abstract:The model of Beard and Chuang, using the differential form of Laplace's formula, has been extended to raindrop shapes under the influence of vertical electric fields and drop charges. A finite volume method was used with a boundary
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Record ID:13/6

Date:04/01/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Curran, E.B., W.D. Rust
Title:Positive ground flashes produced by low-precipitation thunderstorms in Oklahoma on 26 April 1984
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 12, 544-553
Abstract:A group of thunderstorms developed in western Oklahoma during the afternoon of 26 April 1984. Two of these storms initially exhibited characteristics of low-precipitation (LP) thunderstorms
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Record ID:13/7

Date:02/01/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Engholm, C., E. Williams, R. Dole
Title:Meteorological and electrical conditions associated with positive cloud-to-ground lightning
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 459-487
Abstract:The mean radar echo characteristics during the genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) are presented for the southwestern United States during the 15 January-15 March 1986 field phase
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Record ID:13/8

Date:12/01/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Goodman, S.J., H.J. Christian, W.D. Rust
Title:A comparison of the optical pulse characteristics of intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightnings as observed above clouds
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 27, 1369-1381
Abstract:The time-resolved optical waveforms at 777.4 nm and electrif-field changes produced by intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes were measured above clouds from a U2 airplane at the same time that ground-based measurements of lightning were obtained from a mobile laboratory and a
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Record ID:13/9

Date:12/01/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Hager, W. J. Nisbet, W.C. Shann
Title:Simulations of electric fields within a thunderstorm
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3542-3558
Abstract:Numerical simulations based on a three-dimensional model for the electric fields in a thunderstorm are presented. In some of the simulations, we solve problems with known analytical solution in order to determine the relevant physical properties
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Record ID:13/10

Date:12/01/1980
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Ellingworth, A.J.
Title:Comments on ``Warm cloud electricity in a shallow axisymmetric cloud model
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2795-2796
Abstract:none
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Record ID:13/11

Date:01/15/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:MacGorman, D.R., D.W. Burgess, V. Mazur, W.D. Rust, W.L. Taylor, B.C. Johnson
Title:Lightning rates relative to tornadic storm evolution on 22 May 1981
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 221-250
Abstract:ON May 22, 1981, we acquired lightning and Doppler radar data on two tornadice storms in Oklahoma
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Record ID:13/12

Date:07/01/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:MacGorman, D.R., K.E. Nielsen
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning in a tornadic storm on 8 May 1986
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1557-1574
Abstract:On 8 May 1986, the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) collected Doppler radar and lightning ground strike data on a supercell storm that produced three tornadoes, including an F3 tornado in Edmond storm formed 30 km ahead of a storm complex and produced its first and most damaging tornado just as the storm
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Record ID:13/13

Date:00/00/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Rasmussen, R., C. Walcek, H.R. Pruppacher, S.K. Mitra, J. Lew, V. Levizzani, P.K. Wang, U. Barth
Title:A wind tunnel investigation of the effect of an external, vertical electric field on the shape of electrically uncharged rain drops
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1647-1652
Abstract:Results are presented of a recent wind tunnel experiment in which electrically uncharged water
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Record ID:13/14

Date:03/01/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Reap, R.M., D.R. MacGorman
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning: Climatological characteristics and relationships to model field, radar observation, and severe local storms
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 518-535
Abstract:Data for nearly 2 million lightning flashes recorded during the 1985-86 warm seasons by the National Severe Storm Laboratory's lightning stike locating network were evaluated to determine some of the climatological characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning
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Record ID:13/15

Date:01/01/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Reap, R., R. Orville
Title:The relationships between network lightning locations and surface hourly observations of thunderstorms
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 94-108
Abstract:Relationships were established between lightning location data and surface hourly observations of thunderstorms for 132 stations in the northeastern United States. The relationships
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Record ID:13/16

Date:02/01/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Reap, R.M.
Title:The use of network lightning data to detect thunderstorms near surface reporting stations
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 464-469
Abstract:Relationships between network lightning data and hourly thunderstorm observations were examined for the northeastern United States, Oklahoma, Florida, and the western United States to provide additional information on the possible effects of using lightining data to replace or supplement the hourly observations.
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Record ID:13/17

Date:04/01/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Saunders, C.P.R.
Title:A review of thunderstorms electrification processes
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 32, 642-655
Abstract:Recent developments in the area of thunderstorm electrification processes are reviewed. These processes have two main divisions: (a) convective, in which particles charged by ion capture are moved by convection currents to strengthen the electric field in the cloud, and (b) processes involving charge transfer during particle interactions following which oppositely
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Record ID:13/18

Date:05/01/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Smith, S.B
Title:Comments on ``Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States--1989'
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1572-1573
Abstract:There are two issues concerning the data presented in Orville (1991) that bring into question the validity of some of the conclusions regarding the annual lightning flash density for the contiguous United States in 1989
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Record ID:13/19

Date:12/01/1980
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Takahashi, T
Title:Reply to Illingworth's Comments on ``Warm cloud electrification in a shallow axisymmetric cloud model'
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2796-2797
Abstract:None
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Record ID:13/20

Date:08/01/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Hanna, S.R.
Title:Lateral turbulence intensity and plume meandering during stable conditions
Publication:J. Clim. Appl. Met., 22, 1424-1430
Abstract:There is much evidence in the literature for the presence of mesoscale lateral meanders in the stable nightime boundary layer. Thses meanders results in relatively high lateral turbulence intensities and diffusion rates when averaged over an hour. Anemometer data from 17 overnight experiments at Cinder Cone Butte in Idaho are analyzed to show that the dominant period
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Record ID:13/21

Date:01/15/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Geotis, S.G., E.R. Williams, C. Liu
Title:Notes and Correspondence: Reply
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 371-372
Abstract:Moore and Vonnegut's (MV) comments are at least partially a result of Williams et al's (WGB) not having made clear that essentially all their lightning echoes were obtained from mature thundeterstorms, which formed before
Location:3
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Record ID:13/22

Date:06/20/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R.
Title:Reply
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 98, D6, 10,823-10,825
Abstract:Williams and Zhang (this issue) are correct in pointing out that graupel, while riming in thunderstorms, can be heated sufficiently by the release of latent heat from freezing droplets for the surface to sublimate.
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Record ID:13/23

Date:00/00/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R., M. Hickson, M.D. Malone, J. von Richtofen
Title:Charge separation during the fragmentation of rime and frost
Publication:Atmos. Res., 29, 261-270
Abstract:In order to determine whether charge transfer during the collision of ice crystals with riming graupel pellets in thunderstorms may be due to the removal of charged growths on the graupel surface, experiments were performed in which an air jet removed frost or pieces of rime from ice surfaces.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/24

Date:1/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Jayaratne, E.R.
Title:Temperature gradients in ice as a charge generation process in thunderstorms
Publication:Atmos. Res., 29, 247-260
Abstract:The microphysical mechanism of charge transfer between rebounding ice particles within thunderstorms remains unknown.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/25

Date:03/06/1980
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Caranti, J.M., A.J. Illingworth
Title:Surface potentials of ice and thunderstorm charge separation.
Publication:Nature, 284, 44-46
Abstract:There is no general agreement on the nature of the mechanism which causes thunderstorms to become electrified.
Location:1
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Record ID:13/26

Date:01/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Marshall, T.C., W.D. Rust, M. Stolzenburg
Title:Electrical structure and updraft speeds in thunderstorms over the southern Great Plains
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 100, D1, 1001-1015
Abstract:We have acquired 11 balloon soundings of the electric field and thermodynamics in large and sometimes severe and tornadic thunderstorms over the southern Great Plains.
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Record ID:13/27

Date:06/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Caranti, J.M., A.J. Illingworth, S.J. Marsh
Title:The charging of ice by differences in contact potential
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 90, (D4), 6041-6046
Abstract:Laboratory experiments measuring the charge transferred when individual 100 micrometer ice spheres impact upon various metal targets show that the charge transferred depends upon the work function of the metal. If ice is assigned a 'work function' of 4.3 eV, then the contact potential difference between the ice and the metal accounts for the observed charging.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/28

Date:04/00/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Georgis, J.-F., S. Coquillat, S. Chauzy
Title:Modelling of interaction processes between two riandrops in an electrical environment
Publication:Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 745-761
Abstract:The behaviour of two raindrops of opposite polarity interacting in an electric field has been investigated numerically with a view to eventually identifying the microphysics and electrical conditions favourable for the natural triggering of cloud discharges. In the past, a few studies have been carried out on the subject of distortion and disintegration of drop-pairs but in none of them has the aerodynamic pressure featured in the equation for the pressure balance between the two drops.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/29

Date:4/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Petersen, W.A., S.A. Rutledge, R.E. Orville
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning observations from TOGA COARE: Selected results and lightning location algorithms.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 4, 602-620
Abstract:Recently, observations of electrified oceanic convection and associated cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning were obtained over the tropical western Pacific Ocean during TOGA COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean - Atmsophere Response Experiment).
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Record ID:13/30

Date:5/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Shepherd, T.R., W.D. Rust, T.C. Marshall
Title:Electric fields and charges near 0 degree centigrade in stratiform clouds.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 5, 919-938
Abstract:Earlier studies of mesoscale convective system stratiform regions have shown that large electric fields and charge densities are found near the 0 degree centigrade level.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/31

Date:1/1/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brooks, I.M., C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Thunderstorm charging: Laboratory experiments clarified.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 39, 263-273
Abstract:Further laboratory experiments of thunderstorm charging by ice crystal collisions with riming graupel pellets have led to results that may help account for a major difference between two independent studies reported earlier.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/32

Date:1/1/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brooks, I.M., C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Thunderstorm charging: Laboratory experiments clarified.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 39, 263-273
Abstract:Further laboratory experiments of thunderstorm charging by ice crystal collisions with riming graupel pellets have led to results that may help account for a major difference between two independent studies reported earlier.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/33

Date:5/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Shepherd, T.R., W.D. Rust, T.C. Marshall
Title:Electric fields and charges near 0 C degrees in stratiform clouds.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 5, 919-938
Abstract:Earlier studies of mesoscale convective system stratiform regions have shown that large electric fields and charge densities are found near the 0 C degree level. Here 12 soundings of the electric field were analyzed through the 0 C degree level in various types of electrified stratiform clouds.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/34

Date:10/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, T.C., W. Rison, W.D. Rust, M. Stolzenburg, J.C. Willett, W.P. Winn
Title:Rocket and baloon observations of electric field in two thunderstorms.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D10, 20,815-20,828
Abstract:Instruments that measure the intense electric field strengths in thunderclouds (~100kV m-1) are designed to minimize the production of ions by small electrical discharges (coronas) emanating from the instruments themselves. The nearby charge of these ions would unpredictably disturb the natural field of the cloud. In an attempt to assess this disturbance, two different instruments (one carried by rocket and one carried by a baloon) were launched on two occasions into thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/35

Date:8/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Bateman, M.G., W.D. Rust, B.F. Smull, T.C. Marshall
Title:Precipitation charge and size measurements in the stratiform region of two mesoscale convective systems.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D8, 16,341-16,356
Abstract:We measured the charge and size of precipitation particles with instrumented free balloons in the trailing stratiform regions of two different mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in Oklahoma. Each of these two stratiform regions had a different type of vertical electric field structure, one of each of the two types commonly found in MCS stratiform regions.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/36

Date:1/1/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Baker, M.B., H.J. Christian, J. Latham
Title:A computational study of the relationships linking lightning frequency and other thundercloud parameters.
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1525-1548
Abstract:In an effort to optimize the value of global-scale measurements obtained with the NASA/MSFC satellite-borne Lightning Imaging System (LIS), a simple computational model of thundercloud electrification has been developed, from which it is possible to derive crude relationships between lightning frequency f (which LIS will measure) and cloud parameters such as radar reflectivity Z, precipitation rate P, updraght speed w, cloud radius R, ice-crystal concentration N1 and graupel-pellet concentration Ng.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/37

Date:9/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lucas, C., R.E. Orville
Title:TOGA COARE: Oceanic lightning.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 9, 2077-2082
Abstract:A ligntning detection network composed of three direction finders was installed in the western Pacific during TOGA COARE.
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Record ID:13/38

Date:7/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Livingston, E.S., J.W. Nielsen-Gammon, R.E. Orville
Title:A climatology, synoptic assessment, and thermodynamic evaluation for cloud-to-ground lightning in Georgia: A study for the 1996 Summer Olympics
Publication:Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 77, 7, 1483-1495
Abstract:A lighting climatology within 50 km of nine outdoor venue locations for the 1996 Summer Olympics has been produced.
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Record ID:13/39

Date:6/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(42) Mesoscale Convective Systems
Author:Toracinta, E.R., K.I. Mohr, E.J. Zipser, R.E. Orville
Title:A comparison of WSR-88D reflectivities, SSM/I brightness temperatures, and lightning for mesoscale convective systems in Texas. Part I: Radar reflectivity and lightning.
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 35, 6, 902-918
Abstract:This is the first part of a two-part study. Part I compares radar data from the League City, Texas, WSR-88D and cloud-to-ground lightning data for a set of eight mesoscale convective systems, which occur at various stages of development along the upper Texas gulf coast.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/40

Date:6/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(42) Mesoscale Convective Systems
Author:Mohr, K.I., E.R. Toracinta, E.J. Zipser, R.E. Orville
Title:A comparison of WSR-88D reflectivities, SSM/I brightness temperatures, and lightning for mesoscale convective systems in Texas. Part II: SSM/I brightness temperatures and lightning.
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 35, 6, 919-931
Abstract:Ths study examines simultaneous SSM/I and lightning data for a sample of nine mesoscale convective systems (MCS) near League City, Texas.
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Record ID:13/41

Date:9/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lucas, C., R.E. Orville
Title:TOGA COARE: Oceanic lightning.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 9, 2077-2082
Abstract:A lightning detection network composed of three direction finders was installed in the Western Pacific during TOGA COARE.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/42

Date:06/20/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Price, C., D., D. Rind
Title:A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
Publication:J. Geophys., Res., 97, 9919-9933
Abstract:A simple parameterization has been developed to simulate global ligtning distributions
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Record ID:13/43

Date:12/27/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Fernsler, R.F., H.L. Rowland
Title:Models of lightning-produced sprites and elves.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 101, D23, 29653-29662
Abstract:Three different types of optical phenomena have been observed at high altitude obove thunderstorms: an enhanced airglow ('elves') at roughly 90 km: a reddish glow ('sprites') from 50-90 km; and an upward moving bluish emmission ('jets') below 40 km.
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Record ID:13/44

Date:12/27/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A.
Title:Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 101, D23, 29641-29652
Abstract:Transient luminous events (sprites, blue jets, elves) above large mesoscale convective systems over the U.S. High Plains have been routinely monitored from the Yucca Ridge Field Station near Ft. Collins, Colorado using ground-based low-light video systems.
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Record ID:13/45

Date:1/1/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnegut, B.
Title:Role of cumulus downdrafts in stratosphere-troposphere exchange and in cloud electrification.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 43, 197-199
Abstract:Letters: No abstract.
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Record ID:13/46

Date:05/27/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Masuelli, S., C.M. Scavuzzo, G.M. Caranti
Title:Convective electrification of clouds: A numerical study
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,049-11,059
Abstract:Although the convective process of cloud electrification has been proposed long ago, there is a lack of numerical simulations in the literature that would put this mechanism to the test.
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Record ID:13/47

Date:03/20/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Price, C., J. Penner, M. Prather
Title:NO_x from lightning. 1. Global distribution based on lightning physics
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 102, D5, 5,929-5,941
Abstract:This paper begins a study on the role of lightning in maintaining the global distribution of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in the troposphere
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Record ID:13/48

Date:09/01/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Perez, A.H., L.J. Wicker, R.E. Orville
Title:Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning associated with violent tornadoes
Publication:Wea. Forecasting, 12, 428-437
Abstract:Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning were analyzed in 42 violent tornado-producting (F4, F5) supercells that occurred between January 1989 and November 1992.
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Record ID:13/49

Date:09/01/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Sheridan, S.C., J.F. Griffiths, R.E. Orville
Title:Warm Season cloud-to-ground lightning-precipitation relationships in the south-central United States
Publication:Wea. Forecasting, 12, 449-458
Abstract:This study examines the relationship between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and surface precipitation using observations from six regions (each on the order of 10,000 km^2), April through October (1989-93), in the south-central United States
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Record ID:13/50

Date:09/01/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Hodanish, S., D. Sharp, W. Collins, C. Paxton, R.E. Orville
Title:A 10-year monthly lightining climatology of Florida: 1986-95
Publication:Wea. Forecasting, 12, 439-448
Abstract:Average cloud-to-ground lightning flash density values for Flrodia have been calculated for the 10-yr period 1986-95.
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Record ID:13/51

Date:00/00/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Takahashi, T.
Title:Warm cloud electricity in a shallow axisymmetric cloud model
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2236-2258
Abstract:An axisymmetric warm cloud model (Takahashi, 197b) modified in both the calculation scheme and diffusion term is used to investigate the development of electricity in a warm cloud. The study focuses on four electric charge separation mechanisms: 1) the ion-drop interaction under an electric field; 2) the competitional attachment of small ions to drops by the mobility difference between positive and negative small ions; 3) the polarization effect when drops collide and rebound under
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Record ID:13/52

Date:00/00/1981
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Sartor, J.D., J.H. Helsdon, Jr.
Title:Atmospheric vorticity production in electrified clouds
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2763-2771
Abstract:The rate that vertical vorticity is created or electrified clouds is calculated from the cross product of the charge gradient and the electrical field and compared with the magnitude of the vertical vorticity produced dynamically. Calculations are made for clouds on the thunderstorm, mesoscale and synoptic
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Record ID:13/53

Date:4/1/1980
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Sartor, D
Title:Electric field perturbations in terrestrial clouds and solar flare events
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 499-505
Abstract:Atmospheric electrical data taken on 3744 m high Niwot Ridge, Colorado, during 1966, 1967, and 1968 are reexamined for evidence of a solar-weather link between the earth's electric field and solar flare events occurs rapidly but dies away slowly. The slow relaxation of the field, together with the necessity to use data taken during periods of good weather, suggest a
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Record ID:13/54

Date:10/1/1981
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(46) Microphysics - Warm Cloud
Author:List, R., E. Freire
Title:Comparison of the theoretical collision efficiency of uncharged cloud droplets in horizontal and vertical electric fields.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2257-2263
Abstract:The collision efficiency of two uncharged droplet pairs with radii combination of (10; 9) um and (10; 2) um was computed for horizontal and vertical background electric fields.
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Record ID:13/55

Date:2/13/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Christensen, L.S., W. Frost, W.W. Vaughn, eds.
Title:Proceedings: Workshop on the need for lightning observations from space.
Publication:NASA CP-2095, Workshop held February 13-15, 1979 at The Univ. of Tenn. Space Inst.
Abstract:No abstract.
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Record ID:13/56

Date:12/20/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R., R.M. Lhermitte
Title:Radar tests of the precipitation hypothesis for thunderstorm electrification.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 88, C15, 10984-10992
Abstract:The contribution of falling precipitation to thunderstorm electrification is examined from an energy standpoint by means of radar measurements of precipitation.
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Record ID:13/57

Date:6/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:Large-scale charge separation in thunderclouds
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D4, 6013-6025
Abstract:Currently available evidence for the mechanisms thought to be responsible for large-scale charge separation in thunderclouds is reviewed.
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Record ID:13/58

Date:9/1/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnegut, B., O.H. Vaughn Jr., M. Brook, P. Krehbiel
Title:Mesoscale observations of lightning from space shuttle.
Publication:NASA Technical Memorandum 86451
Abstract:Data from unmanned instruments flown in the space program have already contributed significantly to the understanding of atmospheric electricity.
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Record ID:13/59

Date:1/1/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnegut, B.
Title:Comments on the paper 'The electrification of thunderstorms' by John Latham
Publication:Q. J. Royal Met. Soc., 109, 262-264
Abstract:Future studies of the charged particles in thunderclouds and how they are carried about by the movement of the air may eventually justify Latham's statement (1981), that the convective processis unlikely to be of importance in thunderstorm electrification.
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Record ID:13/60

Date:7/1/1965
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnegut, B.
Title:Electrification of frost deposits.
Publication:Q. J. Royal Met. Soc., 91, 389, 369-374
Abstract:I was surprised to read Dr. Latham's statement in the October 1964 Quarterly Journal, that there is no evidence that the convective process could generate charge at a sufficient rate to explain the electrification of thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/61

Date:8/1/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vaughn Jr., O.H.
Title:NASA Thunderstorm overflight program -- Research in atmospheric electricity from an instrumentated U-2 aircraft platform.
Publication:NASA TM-82545
Abstract:The Thunderstorm Overflight Program is being conducted by NASA, NOAA, and several universities to evaluate the feasibility of making measurements of lightning from an instrumented platform above thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/62

Date:11/1/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vaughn Jr., O.H.
Title:NASA Thunderstorm Overflight Program, Atmospheric electricity research: An overview report on the optical lightning detection experiment for spring and summer 1983.
Publication:NASA Technical Memorandum 86468
Abstract:The Thunderstorm Overflight Progam is being conducted by NASA, NOAA, and Universities to provide various atmospheric physic researchers with an instrumetned U-2 high altitude research platform for conducting atmospheric research.
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Record ID:13/63

Date:6/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Tzur, I., R.G. Roble
Title:The interaction of a dipolar thunderstorm with its global electrical environment
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D4, 5989-5999
Abstract:A 2D numerical model is used to calculate the electric field current that flow from a dipolar thundercloud into the global electric model.
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Record ID:13/64

Date:2/28/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Takahashi, T.
Title:Electrification and precipitation mechanisms of maritime shallow warm clouds in the tropics.
Publication:J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 60, 1, 508-519
Abstract:Electrification and precipitation mechanisms were studied in maritime shallow warm clouds around the island of Hawaii.
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Record ID:13/65

Date:2/1/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Schlamp, R.J., S.N. Grover, H.R. Pruppacher, A.H. Hamielec
Title:A numerical investigation of the effect of electric charges and vertical external electric fields on the collision efficiency of cloud drops: Part II
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 339-349
Abstract:The numerical model of Schlame et al. (1979) for determining the collision efficiency of electrically charged or uncharged cloud drops in the presence or absence of a vertical electric field has been extended to study the two following cases, both of which include the presence of a vertical field due to a net positive charge in the upper part of the cloud and a net negative charve in the lower part of the cloud...
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Record ID:13/66

Date:9/1/1976
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Schlamp, R.J., S.N. Grover, H.R. Pruppacher, A.E. Hamielec
Title:A numerical investigation of the effect of electric charges and vertical external electric fields on the collision efficiency of cloud drops.
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1747-1755
Abstract:The aerodynamic interaction between electrically charged cloud drops in the presence of vertical external electric fields was numerically investigated for 800 mb and 10 C.
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Record ID:13/67

Date:2/1/1978
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, J.S., S. Radhakant
Title:Radar precipitation maps as lightning indicators.
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 17, 206-212
Abstract:Radar maps of precipitation at a height of 6 km have been studied for the thunderstorms of one July day.
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Record ID:13/68

Date:6/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lhermitte, R., E. Williams
Title:Thunderstorm electrification: A case study.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D4, 6071-6078
Abstract:This paper presents interpretation of triple Doppler radar observations of a thunderstorm that occurred at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
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Record ID:13/69

Date:2/1/1972
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Imyanitov, I.M., Y.V. Chubarina, Y.M. Shvarts
Title:Electricity of clouds.
Publication:NASA Technical Translation TT F-718
Abstract:The electricity of clouds substantially affects their evolution, particularly the development of thunderstorms and the formation of precipitation.
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Record ID:13/70

Date:2/20/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Idone, V.P., R.E. Orville, P. Hubert, L. Barret, A. Eybert-Berard
Title:Correlated observations of three triggered lightning flashes.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 89, D1, 1385-1394
Abstract:A cooperative analysis of three triggered lightning flashes initiated during the Thunderstorm Research International Program at Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico, has resulted in the determination of 3D return stroke propagation speeds and peak currents for 56 subsequent strokes.
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Record ID:13/71

Date:1/1/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Geotis, S.G., R.E. Orville
Title:Simultaneous observations of lightning ground strokes and radar reflectivity patterns.
Publication:21st Conf. on Radar Meteor., AMS, Edmonton, Canada, 1983.
Abstract:In an effort aimed toward gaining knowledge of the regions in thunderstorms wherein electrification takes place, an extensive lightning detection network, centered at Albany, has been used in conjuction with radars at MIT to locate the positions of lightning ground strokes with respect to radar echoes of thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/72

Date:9/1/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Freire, E., R. List
Title:Collision enhancement for droplet pairs with electrically reduced approach speed
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1777-1787
Abstract:The collision efficiency of two droplet pairs was computed as a function of background field strength for the following conditions: uniform background field pointed vertically downward, varying in strength from 300 V to 600 kV m-1; ...
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Record ID:13/73

Date:1/1/1980
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Chauzy, S., P. Raisonville, D. Hauser, F. Roux
Title:Electrical and dynamical description of a frontal storm deduced from Landes 79 experiment.
Publication:J. Rech. Atmos., 14, No. 3-4, 457-467
Abstract:The LANDES 79 experiment was performed in south-western France by several French organizations in order to obtain thermodynamical, dynamical and electrical description of thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/74

Date:7/1/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Ely, J.T.A.
Title:Cosmic rays, solar activity, magnetic coupling, and lightning incidence.
Publication:NASA Contractor Report 3812
Abstract:Many theories have been advanced for each of the various aspects of thunderstorm phenomenology.
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Record ID:13/75

Date:10/20/1978
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Chiu, C.-S.
Title:Numerical study of cloud electrification in an axisymmetric, time-dependent cloud model.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 83, C10, 5025-5049
Abstract:An axisymmetric, time-dependent, numerical cloud model has been applied to study how an isolated convective cloud can be electrified when rain and cloud particles are allowed to be charged by two particle charging mechanisms: ion attachment and polarization.
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Record ID:13/76

Date:9/1/1984
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brook, M., C. Rhodes, O.H. Vaughn Jr., R.E. Orville, B. Vonnegut
Title:Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane
Publication:NASA Technical Memorandum 86455
Abstract:Airplane and balloon observations have confirmed C.T.R. Wilson's prediction that strong electric fields exist over the tops of thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/77

Date:1/1/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Barker, E., J.A. Bicknell, R.F. Griffiths, J. Latham, T.S. Verma
Title:The scavenging of particles by electrified drops: Radar echo intensification following lightning.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 109, 631-644
Abstract:A series of laboratory experiments were performed in an effort to improve our understanding of the physics of the echo-intensification phenomenon, in which the radar reflectivity of a region of a thundercloud increases rapidly followig the occurrence of lightning within it.
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Record ID:13/78

Date:1/1/1976
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mason, B.J.
Title:In reply to a critique of precipitation theories of thunderstorm electrification by C.B. Moore
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 102, 219-240
Abstract:In a recent assessment of thunderstorm electrification mechanisms, Moore (1974) has challenged the generally accepted view that charge generation and separation are a consequence of the growth and fall of hydrometeors.
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Record ID:13/79

Date:1/1/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Rawlins, F.
Title:A numerical study of thunderstorm electrification using a three dimensional model incorporating the ice phase.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 108, 779-800
Abstract:A numerical model of cumulonimbus allowing a simulation of the growth of the electric field is described.
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Record ID:13/80

Date:8/1/1978
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Takahashi, T.
Title:Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1536-1548
Abstract:Riming electrification was studied in cold room experiments simulating thunderstorm conditions.
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Record ID:13/81

Date:12/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Franzblau, E.
Title:Electrical discharges involving the formation of NO, NO2, HNO3, and O
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D12, 22337-22345
Abstract:Laboratory discharge experiments were performed wiht a Wimshurst electrostatic generator with discharge energies between 0.005 and 0.1 J in air, in an atmosphere of various O2/Ar ratios, and an atmosphere of various O2/N2 ratios...
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Record ID:13/82

Date:1/1/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Rawlins, F.
Title:A numerical study of thunderstorm electrification using a three dimensional model incorporating the ice phase.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 108, 779-800
Abstract:A numerical model of cumulonimbus allowing a simulation of the growth of the electric field is described.
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Record ID:13/83

Date:5/15/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A.
Title:Characteristics of luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms as imaged by low-light video.
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 21, 875-878
Abstract:An experiment was conducted in which an image-intensified, low-light video camera systematically monitored the stratosphere above distant (100-800 km) mesoscale convective systems over the high plains of the central U.S. for 21 nights between 6 July and 27 August 1993.
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Record ID:13/84

Date:11/1/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Goodman, S.J.
Title:Predicting thunderstorm evolution using ground-based lightning detection networks
Publication:NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA TM-103521
Abstract:Lightning measurements acquired principally by a ground-based network of magnetic direction finders are used to diagnose and predict the existence, temporal evolution, and decay of thunderstorms over a wide range of space and time scales extending over four orders of magnitude.
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Record ID:13/85

Date:1/1/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Gang, W.
Title:The numerical simulation of the lightning discharge in a two-dimensional, time-dependent storm electrification model.
Publication:Thesis, M.S. in Meteorology, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD
Abstract:A lightning discharge parameterization scheme is presented in this thesis.
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Record ID:13/86

Date:6/28/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Asuma, Y., K. Kikuchi, T. Taniguchi, S. Fujii
Title:Vertical structures of the atmospheric electrical potential gradient.
Publication:J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 66, 3, 473-488
Abstract:In order to examine the vertical structures of the atmospheric electrical potential gradient and the behavior of charges on precipitation particles during snowfalls in the lower atmospheric layer, tethered baloon observations were carried out with ...
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Record ID:13/87

Date:12/1/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Asuma, Y., K. Kikuchi
Title:Numerical experiments of the charging mechanism of precipitation particles by the ion-capture process below the cloud base.
Publication:Met. Soc. of Japan, 65, 973-989
Abstract:To investigate the mirror image observed at the ground surface, a new formulation in which snowflakes and snow particles acquire charges by the selective ion capture process is lead forth and one dimensional numerical experiments are carried out in this paper.
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Record ID:13/88

Date:1/1/1986
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Beard, K.V.K., H.T. Ochs
Title:Charging mechanisms in clouds and thunderstorms
Publication:The Earth's Electrical Environment, Studies in Geophysics, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 263 pp., pg. 114-130
Abstract:Since the time of Benjamin Franklin, a major difficulty in identifying the causes of cloud electricity has been our inability to obtain adequate measurements within clouds.
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Record ID:13/89

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Blakeslee, R.J., H.J. Christian, B. Vonnegut
Title:Electrical measurements over thunderstorms.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13135-13140
Abstract:During the summer of 1996, the air conductivity and the vertical electric field were measured over thunderstorms from a high-altitude U-2 airplane.
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Record ID:13/90

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Bourdeau, C., S. Chauzy
Title:Maximum electric charge of a hydrometeor in the electric field of a thundercloud
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13121-13126
Abstract:Computations have been made for the maximum electric field charge that a hydrometeor can retain in the ambient field of a thundercloud.
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Record ID:13/91

Date:10/20/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Breed, D.W., J.E. Dye
Title:The electrification of New Mexico thunderstorms. 2. Electric field growth during initial electrification.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D12, 14841-14854
Abstract:Electric field measurements were made by a sailplane inside thunderstorms near Langmuir Laboratory and the Magdalena Mountains in central New Mexico.
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Record ID:13/92

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brook, M., R.W. Henderson, R.B. Pyle
Title:Positive lightning strokes to ground
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13295-13303
Abstract:Lightning stroke occurrences often appear to have been sorted polarity-wise in both space and time, especialy in winter storms.
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Record ID:13/93

Date:2/20/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brook, M., M. Nakano, P. Krehbiel
Title:The electrical structure of the Hokuriku winter thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 87, C2, 1207-1215
Abstract:Lightning charges, locations and currents have been determied for 12 flashes from four winter storms observed on the Hokuriku coast of Japan during December 1977 through January 1978.
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Record ID:13/94

Date:8/1/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Changnon, S.A. Jr.
Title:Relations of thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning frequencies.
Publication:J. Climate, 2, 897-921
Abstract:Temporal and spatial relationships between thunderstorms (events) and flashes were investigated using data for 1983-85 for 25 first-order stations.
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Record ID:13/95

Date:2/20/1976
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Chiu, C.-S., J.D. Klett
Title:Convective electrication of clouds
Publication:J. Geo Res., 81, 1111-1124
Abstract:The analytical, steady state, nonprecipitating convective cloud model of Gutman has been applied to the study of cloud convective electrification.
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Record ID:13/96

Date:9/1/1977
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Colgate, S.A., Z. Levin, A.G. Petschek
Title:Interpretation of thunderstorm charging by the polarization-induction mechanism
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1433-1443
Abstract:The numerical calculations of the combined stochastic growth and induction charging due to drop interactions by Scot and Levin are analyzed in terms of a phenomenological model.
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Record ID:13/97

Date:12/1/1986
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Goodman, S.J., D.R. MacGorman
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in mesoscale convective complexes.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2320-2328
Abstract:A study of cloud-to-ground lightning activity attending an important subclass of mesoscale convective weather systems called the mesoscale convective complex shows that ground discharge flash rates in excess of 1000 h/-1 san be sustained on average for more than none consecutive hours with peak rates of nearly 2700 h/-1.
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Record ID:13/98

Date:10/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Goodman, S.J., D.E. Buechler, P.D. Wright, W.D. Rust
Title:Lightning and precipitation history of a microburst-producing storm
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 15, 11, 1185-1188
Abstract:Quantitative measurements of the lightning and precipitation life-cycle of a microburst-producing storm are described.
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Record ID:13/99

Date:9/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Goodman, S.J., D.E. Buechler, P.J. Meyer
Title:Convective tendency images derived from a combination of lightning and satellite data.
Publication:Wea. and Forecasting, 3, 173-188
Abstract:A technique is presented for generating convective tendency products by combining satellite images with observations of cloud-to-ground lightning activity.
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Record ID:13/100

Date:5/20/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Helsdon, J.H. Jr., R.D. Farley
Title:A numerical modeling study of a Montana thunderstorm: 1. Model results versus observations involving nonelectrical aspects.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 92, D5, 5645-5659
Abstract:A recently developed Storm Electrification Model has been used to simulate the July 19, 1981, Cooperative Convection Precipitation Experiment cast study cloud.
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Record ID:13/101

Date:5/20/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Helsdon, J.H. Jr., R.D. Farley
Title:A numerical modeling study of a Montana thunderstorm: 2. Model results versus observations involving electrical aspects.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 92, D5, 5661-5675
Abstract:In this investigation we compare the results of the Storm Electrification Model simulation of the July 19 Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment case study cloud against the actual observations with respect to the cloud's electrical characteristics, as deduced from the data of two aircraft.
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Record ID:13/102

Date:1/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hermant, A., P. Hubert
Title:Ball lightning photographed?
Publication:Atmos. Res., 22, 275-280
Abstract:A lightning stroke on a power line tower has been observed at a distance of 180 m.
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Record ID:13/103

Date:1/20/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Koshak, W.J., E.P. Krider
Title:Analysis of lightning field changes during active Florida thunderstorms.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D1, 1165-1186
Abstract:A computer algorithm has been developed to derive accurate values of lightning-caused changes in cloud electric fields under active storm conditions.
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Record ID:13/104

Date:5/20/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Krehbiel, P.R., M. Brook, R.A. McCrory
Title:An analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to ground.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 84, 2432-2456
Abstract:Sources of charge for the individual strokes of four multiple-stroke flashes to ground have been determined, using measurements of the electrostatic field change obtained at eight locations on the ground behind the storm.
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Record ID:13/105

Date:1/1/1986
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Krehbiel, P.R.
Title:The electrical structure of thunderstorms.
Publication:The Earth's Electrical Environment. Geophysics Study Committee, Geophysics Research Forum, Nat. Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1986.
Abstract:Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intriqued scientists and mankind in general for many years.
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Record ID:13/106

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Kumar, P.P., C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Charge transfer during single crystal interaction with a rimed target.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13099-13102
Abstract:Lab experiments were carried out to investigate the charge transfer resulting from a limited number of growing ice crystal interactions with a previously rimed target.
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Record ID:13/107

Date:9/1/1986
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Laroche, P., A. Delannoy, P. Gondot, F. Helloco, J.F. Gayet
Title:Airborne observations of small scale (<1km) fluctuations of microphysical, dynamical and electrical properties in convective clouds.
Publication:Preprint; Conf. on Radar Met. and the Conf. on Cloud Phys., Sept 22-26, 1986. Snowmass, CO.
Abstract:A joint experiment on cold fronts and associated deep convection was held in the South West of France during the Summer 1984.
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Record ID:13/108

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Latham, J., J.E. Dye
Title:Calculations on the electrical development of a small thunderstorm
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13141-13144
Abstract:Data obtained in airborne studies of a small thundercloud have been examined in terms of the noninductive mechanism.
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Record ID:13/109

Date:6/20/1974
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Levin, Z., A. Ziv
Title:The electrification of thunderclouds and the rain gush.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 79, 2699-2704
Abstract:A time dependent model that couples the growth of the particles in a cloud with the electrical development is used to explain the phenomenon of the rain gush.
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Record ID:13/110

Date:10/4/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lhermitte, R., P.R. Krehbiel
Title:Doppler radar and radio observations of thunderstorms.
Publication:IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, GE-17, 4, 162-171
Abstract:3D motion fields in a thunderstorm are compared to measurements of the radar reflectivity structure of the storm and to the location of VHF radiation from electrical discharges, in an attempt to determine the physical conditions which prevailed during the electrically active pahse of the storm.
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Record ID:13/111

Date:10/4/1979
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lhermitte, R., P.R. Krehbiel
Title:Doppler radar and radio observations of thunderstorms.
Publication:IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, GE-17, 4, 162-171
Abstract:3D motion fields in a thunderstorm are compared to measurements of the radar reflectivity structure of the storm and to the location of VHF radiation from electrical discharges, in an attempt to determine the physical conditions which prevailed during the electrically active phase of the storm.
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Record ID:13/112

Date:1/1/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A., K.G. Bauer, A.C. Eustis, D.A. Moon, N.J. Petit, J.A. Schuh
Title:R*Scan's National lightning detection network: the first year progress report.
Publication:Preprints, 5th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology. AMS, Anaheim, Jan. 1989.
Abstract:In 1983, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Commerce pointed out that lightning was a major weather hazard in the U.S. and that very little was being done at the federal (and private) level in order to establish a coordinated national lightning monitoring capability.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/113

Date:1/1/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A., K.G. Bauer, D.A. Moon, N.J. Petit, J.A. Schuh
Title:DSIS (Lightning Data and Information Systems): A new resource for aviation meteorology.
Publication:3rd Int. Conf. on the Aviation Weather Systems. AMS, Anaheim, CA, 29 Jan. to 3 Feb., 1989.
Abstract:On 28 July 1988 a baggage handler at New York's Kennedy Airport was killed by lightning while driving a luggage cart.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/114

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:MacGorman, D.R., W.L. Taylor
Title:Positive cloud-to-ground lightning detection by a direction-finder network.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, 13313-13318
Abstract:We have investigated how reliably an automatic direction-finder network manufactured by Lightning Location and Protection, Inc., identified cloud-to-ground flashes that effectively lower positive charge to ground.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/115

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Moore, C.B., B. Vonnegut, D.N. Holden
Title:Anomalous electric fields associated with clouds growing over a source of negative space charge.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13127-13134
Abstract:Tests of influence mechanism explanations for thundercloud electrification have been attempted by modifying the initial atmospheric electrical conditions beneath some convective clouds.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/116

Date:12/1/1975
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Pakiam, J.E., J. Maybank
Title:The electrical characteristics of some severe hailstorms in Alberta, Canada
Publication:J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 53, 363-383
Abstract:While the role of gravitational, thermodynamic and hydrodynamic forces in thunderstorms has been extensively studied, that of electrical processes is still little understood.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/117

Date:5/20/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Ray, P.S., D.R. MacGorman, W.D. Rust, W.L. Taylor, L.W. Rasmussen
Title:Lightning location relative to storm structure in a supercell storm and a multicell storm.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 92, D5, 5713-5724
Abstract:Relationships between lightning location and storm structure are examined for one radar volume scan in each of two mature, severe storms.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/118

Date:3/27/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Rutledge, S.A., D.R. MacGorman
Title:Observations of positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes from mesoscale convective systems.
Publication:Preprints, 24th Conf. on Radar Met., Tallahassee, Florida, 27-31 March 1989, AMS.
Abstract:Positive lightning lowers positive charge to the earth's surface as opposed to the more common negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash which lowers negative charge.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/119

Date:1/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Sapkota, B.K., N.C. Varshneya
Title:Electrification of thundercloud by an entrainment mechanism
Publication:Meteorl. Atmos. Phys., 39, 213-222
Abstract:A time dependent model for the growth of electric field by an entrainment mechanism has been developed in which charge separation takes place at the interface of the descending blob due to discontinuity in the conductivity either from the onset of ice process of from the evaporative depletion...
Location:2
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Record ID:13/120

Date:1/1/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R., C.C. Zhang
Title:Rime density, radial forces and atmospheric electricity.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 21, 101-111
Abstract:The density of rime ice accreted on a target moving through a cloud of supercooled water droplets has been measured in order to determine whether the rime density, or other characteristics.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/121

Date:1/1/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Sisterson, D.L., Y.P. Liaw
Title:An evaluation of lightning and corona discharge on thunderstorm air and precipitation chemistry.
Publication:J. Atmos. Chem., 10, 83-96
Abstract:This study synthesizes literature to provide a best estimate for the integrated effect of cloud-to-ground lightning, intracloud lightning, and corona discharge on air and precipitation chemistry for an idealized thunderstorm.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/122

Date:11/1/1974
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Takahashi, T.
Title:Numerical simulation of warm cloud electricity
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2160-281
Abstract:Drop charge in warm clouds was simulated numerically in a cloud model which includes four basic electric charge generation processes.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/123

Date:1/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Telford, J.W.
Title:Comments on 'Electrification of thundercloud by an entrainment mechanism' by B.K. Sapkota and N.C. Varshneya.
Publication:Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 39, 223-225
Abstract:The paper raises some important issues about the electric charging of cloud which are worth discussing in more detail.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/124

Date:3/1/1965
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnegut, B.
Title:Thundercloud electricity
Publication:Discovery, March 1965
Abstract:New observations indicate that falling precipitation may not be necessary to produce thunderstorm electricity and that lightning and the action of electric forces may be of previously unexpected importance in the formation of rain and hail.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/125

Date:9/1/1963
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Vonnetut, B.
Title:Some facts and speculations concerning the origin and role of thunderstorm electricity
Publication:Meteor. Monographs, 5, 27, 224-241
Abstract:This discussion of the mysteries of thunderstorm electricity differs somewhat from most treatments of the subject.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/126

Date:1/1/1981
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Wagner, P.B., J.W. Telford
Title:Cloud dynamics and an electric charge separation mechanism in convective clouds
Publication:J. Rech. Atmos., 15, 97-120
Abstract:This paper hypothesizes that the mixing of dry overlying air into clouds gives rise to descending thermal structures and discusses in detail their likely character.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/127

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:The tripole structure of thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13151-13167
Abstract:The origin of electrification in clouds is an old and still unsolved problem.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/128

Date:9/30/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R., M.E. Weber, R.E. Orville
Title:The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 94, D11, 13213-13220
Abstract:Thunderstorm case studies and earlier observations are described which illuminate the relationship between cloud vertical development and the prevalence of intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/129

Date:6/20/1978
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Winn, W.P., C.B. Moore, C.R. Holmes, L.G. Byerley III
Title:Thunderstorm on July 16, 1975, over Langmuir Laboratory: A case study
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 83, C6, 3079-3092
Abstract:The electric field along the path o an instrumented balloon was closely coupled to the wind profile and to the radar echo structure of a weak thunderstorm over Langmuir Laboratory on July 16, 1975.
Location:2
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Record ID:13/130

Date:05/01/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R., S.G. Geotis, A.B. Bhattachary
Title:A radar study of the plasma and geometry of lightning
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1173-1185
Abstract:Radar measurements and model studies are combined to investigate the plasma condition and the physical structure of lightning in thunderclouds.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/131

Date:03/15/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Schuur, T.J., B.F. Smull, W.D. Rust
Title:Electrical and kinematic structure of the stratiform precipitation region trailing an Oklahoma squall line
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 825-842
Abstract:An electric field sounding through the transition zone precipitation minimum that trailed an Oklahome squall line on 18 June 1987 provides information aobut the electrical structure within a midlatitude trailing stratiform cloud. A single-Doppler radar analysis concurrent with the flight depicts a kinematic structure dominated by two mesoscale flow regimes previously
Location:3
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Record ID:13/132

Date:00/00/1981
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Sartor, J.D.
Title:Induction charging of clouds
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 218-220
Abstract:The physical factors governing the induction charge separation mechanisms in thunderstorms are discussed. Evidence is presented indicating that rebounding collisions between hailstones and cloud droplets are not (as suggested by Moore, 1975) restricted to grazing collisions near the
Location:3
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Record ID:13/133

Date:09/01/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Rutledge, S.A., C. Lu, D.R. MacGorman
Title:Positive cloud-to-ground lightning in mesoscale convective systems
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2085-2100
Abstract:We have examined the characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in mesoscale convective systems observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas PRE_STORM project in 1985. Lightning frequencies and patterns of ground strike locations are related to observed storms precitation structures, with emphasis placed on relating observed lightning patterns to the stratiform
Location:3
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Record ID:13/134

Date:02/01/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States--1989
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 573-577
Abstract:The National Lightning Detection Network, bomposed of 114 wideband magnetic direction finders for locating cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, was operated with full coverage of the contiguous United States for the first time in 1989. More than 13.4 million flashes were recorded during that year. Ground flash density resolution of 50 km in the west-west direction and 30 km
Location:3
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Record ID:13/135

Date:01/15/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Moore, C.B., B. Vonnegut
Title:Comments on ``A radar study of the plasma and geometry of lightning'
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 369-370
Abstract:It is understandable that the radar observations reported by William et al. (1989), showing, ``The tendency for the strongest lightning echoes to occur in the region, of more intense precipitation...,' encourages their belief in ``electrification processes based on precipitation microphysics.' It is not clear, however, that their observations of the strongest lightning echoes
Location:3
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Record ID:13/136

Date:00/00/1981
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Kuettner, J.P., Z. Levin, J.D. Sartor
Title:Thunderstorm electrification--Inductive or non-inductive?
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2470-2484
Abstract:Most of the precipitation related theories on charge generation in thunderstorms fall into one of two categories: the inductive or polarization mechanism initiated by the ambient fair-weather field, and the non-inductive mechanism connected with certain electro-chemical or thermoelectric particle characteristics. Our numerical study addresses the question of which
Location:3
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Record ID:13/137

Date:10/01/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Hunter, S.M., T.J. Schuur, T.C. Marshall, W.D. Rust
Title:Electric and kinematic structure of the Oklahoma mesoscale system of 7 June 1989
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2226-2239
Abstract:Balloon soundings of electric field in Oklahoma mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were made by the National Severe Storms Laboraotyr (NSSL) during the spring of 1989. A sounding made in the rearward edge of an MCS stratiform
Location:3
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Record ID:13/138

Date:6/4/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Petersen, W.
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning in tropical mesoscale convective systems.
Publication:Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science Paper No. 503
Abstract:This study presents observations of the cloud-to-ground lightning associated with seven tropical mesoscale convective systems observed during the Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/139

Date:5/29/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Randell, S.C.
Title:Non-inductive charging of tropical convection in high and low cape environments
Publication:Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science Paper No. 499
Abstract:Numerical modelling studies of continental tropical and maritime tropical convection were conducted usind a 2D, nonhydrostatic, cloud electrification model, developed at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/140

Date:4/1/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Koshak, W.J.
Title:Analysis of lightning field changes produced by Florida thunderstorms
Publication:NASA Technical Memorandum, NASA TM-103539
Abstract:A new method is introduced for inferring the charges deposited in a lightning flash.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/141

Date:7/1/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Rutledge, S.A.
Title:Studies of dynamics and electrification of deep convection and mesoscale cloud clusters near Darwin, Australia
Publication:Final Technical Report, NSF Div. of Mesoscale Dynamic Meteorology Program, Dept. of Amtos. Sci., Colo. State Univ.
Abstract:This report constitutes the final project report for the grant, 'Studies of Dynamics and Electrification of Deep Convection and Mesoscale Cloud Clusters in the Vicinity of Darwin, Australia.'
Location:3
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Record ID:13/142

Date:1/1/1972
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Aufdermaur, A.N., D.A. Johnson
Title:Charge separation due to riming in an electric field.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 98, 369-382
Abstract:Ice pellets were grown by accretion of supercooled drops, at temperatures between -5 and -15C in a small wind tunnel at an air speed of about 10 m/s -1.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/143

Date:6/1/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Biswas, K.R., P.V. Hobbs
Title:Lightning over the Gulf Stream
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 17, 7, 941843
Abstract:During the period 15 January - 15 March 1986 the average frequency and strength of lightning flashes to the earth's surface over the Gulf Stream off the Carolina coast was greater than that over the adjacent land.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/144

Date:1/20/1986
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Dye, J.E., J.J. Jones, W.P. Winn, T.A. Cerni, B. Gardiner, D. Lamb, R.L. Pitter, J. Hallett, C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Early electrification and precipitation development in a small, isolated Montana cumulonimbus
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 91, D1, 1231-1247
Abstract:Instrumented aircraft and radar were used to investigate the microphysical, electrical, and dynamic evolution of thelife cycle of a small thunderstorm which occurred in southeaster Montana.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/145

Date:6/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Gardiner, B., D. Lamb, R.L. Pitter, J. Hallett, C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Measurements of initial potential gradient and particle charges in a Montana Summer Thunderstorm
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D4, 6079-6086
Abstract:An Aerocommander aircraft made three passes through a small isolated thunderstorm on July 19, 1981.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/146

Date:8/20/1982
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Gross, G.W.
Title:Role of relaxation and contact times in charge separation during collision of precipitation particles with ice targets.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 87, C9, 7170-7178
Abstract:The relaxation time of charge transfer and the contact time are two of the parameters controlling charge separation when ice particles collide with one another or with liquid water droplets.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/147

Date:6/20/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Handel, P.H.
Title:Polarization catastrophe theory of cloud electricity -- Speculation on a new mechanism for thunderstorm electrification.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D3, 5857-5863
Abstract:During the last two decades, ice has been recognized as a hindered ferroelectric, i.e. a substance that is supposed to be ferroelectric at 0 degrees kelvin.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/148

Date:4/20/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Helsdon, J.H. Jr., G. Wu, R.D. Farley
Title:An intracloud lightning parameterization scheme for a storm electrification model.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 97, D5, 5865-5884
Abstract:The parameterization of an intracloud lightning discharge has been implemented in our Storm Electrification Model.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/149

Date:1/1/1977
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Illingworth, A.J., J. Latham
Title:Calculations of electric field growth, field structure and charge distributions in thunderstorm
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 103, 281-295
Abstract:Calculations have been made of the electrical evolution of a thundercloud under the action of various precipitative charging mechanisms.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/150

Date:6/30/1985
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Illingworth, A.J.
Title:Charge separation in thunderstorms: Small scale processes
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 90, D4, 6026-6032
Abstract:An analysis is presented of the many possible processes acting within a thunderstorm that can result in the separation of electric charge, and it is concluded that only those involving collisions between ice crystals and small hail pellets can account for the observed high fields and lightning.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/151

Date:01/01/1983
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(35) Hail
Author:Jayaratne, E.R., C.P.R. Saunders, J. Hallett
Title:Laboratory studies of the charging of soft-hail during ice crystal interactions.
Publication:Q.J. Royal Met. Soc., 109, 609-630
Abstract:A laboratory investigation of electric charge transfer during the impact of vapour-grown ice crystals and supercooled water droplets upon a simulated soft-hailstone target has shown that the magnitude of the charge transferred to the riming surface when crystals separate from it is a function of temperature, crystal dimension, relative velocity, liquid water content, and impuring content of the water dropets and hence the impurity content of the riming target.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/152

Date:12/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lopez, R.E., M.W. Maier, R.L. Holle
Title:Comparison of the signal strength of positive and negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Northeastern Colorado.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D12, 22307-22318
Abstract:The frequency distribution of the peak signal strength associated wit the first detected return stroke of positive and negative cloud-to-ground flashes was studied using lightning data from northeastern Colorado.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/153

Date:12/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, T.C., W.D. Rust
Title:Electric field soundings through thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D12, 22297-22306
Abstract:We report on 12 balloon soundings of the electric field in thunderstorms.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/154

Date:6/20/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, T.C., B. Lin
Title:Electricity in dying thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geo. Phys., 97, D9, 9913-9918
Abstract:We made one balloon sounding of the electric field in each of two dying thunderstorms.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/155

Date:6/1/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Michimoto, K.
Title:A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharge of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District. Part I: Observation and analysis of thunderclouds in summer and winter.
Publication:J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 69, 3, 327-335
Abstract:The ascent rates of individual radar echoes of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku district were investigated in relation to lightning activity.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/156

Date:1/1/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mukku, V.N.R.
Title:Layer cloud electrification by an electrochemical mechanism
Publication:Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 47, 201-203
Abstract:The electrical structure of layer clouds in examined applying the electrochemical mechanism of Wahlin (1977).
Location:3
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Record ID:13/157

Date:4/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Norville, K., M. Baker
Title:A numerical study of thunderstorm electrification: Model development and case study.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D4, 7463-7481
Abstract:We have developed a numerical model for examining the thunderstorm electrification process in which we assume the electrification is entirely due to noninductive charge transfer colliding ice crystals and hail.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/158

Date:5/1/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Winter lightning along the east coast.
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 17, 6, 713-715
Abstract:More than 150,000 cloud-to-earth lightning flashes were recorded along the East coast during the period 15 January - 15 March 1986 in the region bounded by 25 degrees N - 40 degrees N and 90 degrees W - 70 degrees W.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/159

Date:9/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Calibration of a magnetic direction finding network using measured triggered lightning return stroke peak currents.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D9, 17135-17142
Abstract:Peak currents from 18 triggered lightning return strokes lowering negative charge have been measured at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/160

Date:7/20/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Petersen, W.A., S.A. Rutledge
Title:Some characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning in tropical Northern Australia.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 97, D11, 11553-11560
Abstract:Peak currents and polarities for the first return strokes of approximately 5000 cloud-to-ground lightning flashes have been studied.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/161

Date:12/1/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Takahashi, T.
Title:Near absence of lightning in torrential rainfall producing micronesian thunderstorms
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 17, 12, 2381-2384
Abstract:The near absence of lightning in the torrential rain producing, tall, convective clouds at Ponape, Micronesia was studied by the use of special radiosondes.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/162

Date:7/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Ziegler, C.L., D.R. MacGorman, Dye, J.E., P.S. Ray
Title:A model evaluation of noninductive graupel-ice charging in the early electrification of a mountain thunderstorm
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 96, D7, 12833-12855
Abstract:The role of noninductive graupel-ice charge separation in the early electrification of the July 31, 1984, New Mexico mountain thunderstorm is assessed with a 3D kinematic cloud model along with multiple Doppler radar and in situ measurements.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/163

Date:00/00/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Baker, M.B., J.G. Dash
Title:Charge transfer in thunderstorms and the surface melting of ice
Publication:J. Crystal Growth, 97, 770-776
Abstract:A mechanism is proposed for the electrification of thunderclouds, whereby charge separation in ice-hail collisions is a consequence of mass transfer between the particles due to size and growth effects in surface melting.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/164

Date:05/20/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(4) Aggregation
Author:Gonta, I., E. Williams
Title:A calibrated Franklin chimes
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 99, D5, 10,671-10,677
Abstract:Benjamin Franklin devised a simple yet intriguing device to measure electrification in the atmosphere during conditions of foul weather.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/165

Date:8/1//1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Randell, S.C., S.A. Rutledge, R.D. Farley, J.H. Helsdon Jr.
Title:A modeling study on the early electrical development of tropical convection: Continental and oceanic (monsoon) storms.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1852-1877
Abstract:Numerical modeling studies of continental tropical and maritime tropical convection were conducted using the two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, cloud electrification model developed at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The model contains six classes of water (water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow, and graupel) and a full set of ion equations. All hydrometeors are permitted to exchange charge.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/166

Date:08/00/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Rutledge, S.A. and W.A. Petersen
Title:Vertical radar reflectivity structure and cloud-to-ground lightning in the stratiform region of MCSs: Further evidence for in situ charging in the stratiform region.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1760-1776
Abstract:This study presents further evidence in support of an in situ, noninductive charging mechanism as the process likely responsible for significant electrification of the trailing stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs).
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Record ID:13/167

Date:04/01/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Saunders, C.P.R.
Title:A review of thunderstorm electrification processes
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 32, 642-655
Abstract:Recent developments in the area of thunderstorm electrification processes are reviewed.
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Record ID:13/168

Date:08/01/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surface air temperature
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1917-1929
Abstract:Comparisons are made between the seasonal behavior of the global electrifical circuit and the surface aid temperature for the Tropics and for the globe.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/169

Date:05/20/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E., R. Zhang, D. Boccippio
Title:Microphysical growth state of ice particles and large-scale electrical structure of clouds.
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 99, D5, 10,787-10,792
Abstract:Cloud temperature, liquid water content, and vertical air velocity are all considered in evaluating the microphysical growth state of ice phase precipitation particles in the atmosphere.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/170

Date:1/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:Comment on ''Thunderstorm electrification laboratory experiments and charging mechanisms
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1503-1505
Abstract:The physical basis for thunderstorm electrification remains poorly understood at the particle scale.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/171

Date:6/20/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Baral, K.N., D. Mackerras
Title:Positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in Kathmandu thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 98, D6, 10331-10340
Abstract:The occurrence of positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in thunderstorms in the vicinity of Kathmandu, Nepal has been recorded during the 21-month period from March 1987 to November 1988 inclusive, using the daily registrations of a CGR3 lightning flash counter that provided records of the approximate numbers of positive ground flashes, negative ground flashes, and cloud flashes with effective ranges of about 12 km for cloud flashes, 14 km for negative ground flashes, and 16 km for positive ground flashes.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/172

Date:2/1/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Bateman, M.G., W.D. Rust, T.C. Marshall
Title:A balloon-borne instrument for measuring the charge and size of precipitation particles inside thunderstorms
Publication:J. Atmos. and Ocean. Tech., 11, 161-169
Abstract:A new balloon-borne instrument created by the authors and referred to as the q-d instrument that measures the charge q and size d of precipitation particles is discussed.
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Record ID:13/173

Date:1/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Changnon, S.A.
Title:Relationships between thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States.
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 32, 88-105
Abstract:Data from networks of lightning sensors operated during 1986-89 were employed to perform climatic assessments of cloud-to-ground flashes, and of the relationship between CG flashes and thunder events, as reported at 62 first-order stations.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/174

Date:12/20/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Dong, Y., J. Hallett
Title:Charge separation by ice and water drops during growth and evaporation.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 97, D18, 20361-20371
Abstract:Experiments reveal complicated behavior during evaporation and vapor growth of ice and water in air.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/175

Date:9/1/1997
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hodansih, S., D. Sharp, W. Collins, C. Paxton, R.E. Orville
Title:A 10-yr monthly lightning climatology of Florida: 1986-95
Publication:Wea. and Forecasting, 12, 439-448
Abstract:Average cloud-to-ground lightning flash density values for Florida have been calculated for the 10-yr period 1986-95.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/176

Date:9/15/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Jayaratne, E.R.
Title:The heat balance of a riming graupel pellet and the charge separation during ice-ice collisions
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3185-3193
Abstract:It has been suggested that the sign of charge acquired by a riming graupel pellet during ice crystal interactions depends on its surface state being negative when it is evaporating and positive when growing by vapor diffusion.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/177

Date:1/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Jayaratne, E.R.
Title:Conditional instability and lightning incidence in Gaborone, Botswana
Publication:Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 52, 169-175
Abstract:Lightning is more frequent in deep convective storms formed by conditional instability.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/178

Date:3/1/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Kane, R.J.
Title:Correlating lightning to severe local storms in the Northeastern United States.
Publication:Wea. and Forecasting, 6, 3-12
Abstract:Two tornado events and an intense downburst episode were investigated in an attempt to relate cloud-to-ground lightning rates with the occurrence of severe local storms.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/179

Date:2/20/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mach, D.M., W.D. Rust
Title:Two-dimensional velocity, optical risetime, and peak current estiates for natural positive lightning return strokes.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 98, D2, 2635-2638
Abstract:We report velocities, optical risetimes, and transmission line model peak currents for seven natural postive return strokes.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/180

Date:9/20/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marsh, S.J., T.C. Marshall
Title:Charged precipitation measurements before the first lightning flash in a thunderstorm.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 98, D9, 16605-16611
Abstract:On August 15, 1984, we made balloon measurements of the electric field and of the charge and vertical velocity of precipitation particles in a thunderstorm over Langmuir Lab.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/181

Date:10/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, T.C., W. Rison, W.D. Rust, M. Stolzenburg, J.C. Willett, W.P. Winn
Title:Rocket and balloon observations of electric field in two thunderstorms.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D10, 20815-29828
Abstract:Instruments that measure the intense electric field strengths in thunderclouds are designed to minimize the production of ions by small electrical discharges emanating from the instruments themselves.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/182

Date:11/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Marshall, T.C., W.D. Rust
Title:Two types of vertical electrical structures in stratiform precipitation regions of mesoscale convective systems.
Publication:Bull. A.M.S., 74, 2159-2170
Abstract:Electric field soundings in the stratiform regions and transition zones of mesoscale convective systems are reported.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/183

Date:4/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Michimoto, K.
Title:A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharges of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District. Part II: Observation and analysis of 'single flash' thunderclouds in midwinter.
Publication:J. Met. Soc. of Japan, 71, 195-204
Abstract:In the present work, winter thunderclouds and active convective clouds were observed by means of radar with CAPPI.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/184

Date:7/9/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning in the blizzard of '93.
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 20, 1367-1370
Abstract:In the 48 hr. period of 06 UT March 12 to 06 UT March 14, 1993, the eastern United States experienced one of the most severe storms of the century.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/185

Date:5/20/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous United States: 1989-1991
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 99, D5, 10833-10841
Abstract:Wideband magnetic direction finders have been used to obtain a cloud-to-ground lightning flash cloud for the contiguous United States, an area of 7.7 x 10_6 square km, for the period 1989-1991.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/186

Date:1/1/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Rutledge, S.A., E.R. Williams, W.A. Petersen
Title:Lightning and electrical structure of mesoscale convective systems.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 29, 27-53
Abstract:Recent observations indicate that cloud-to-ground lightning discharges are common in the stratiform portions of MCSs.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/187

Date:9/1/1988
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R.
Title:Review Article: Thunderstorm Electrification
Publication:Weather, 43, 318-324
Abstract:Thunderstorms have been of interest and concern to man for centuries: surprisingly, however, there is still no generally accepted theory of thunderstorm electrification.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/188

Date:9/20/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Stansbery, E.K., A.A. Few, P.G. Geis
Title:A global model of thunderstorm electricity
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 98, D9, 16591-16603
Abstract:An axisymmetric numerical model in an Earth-centered spherical coordinate system is created to calculate the electric field distribution and current distribution from a thunderstorm source in the global electrical circuit.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/189

Date:6/20/1993
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E., R. Zhang
Title:Comment on 'The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging' by C.P.R. Saunders et al.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 98, D6, 10819-10821
Abstract:It is widely believed that collisions between ice particles are responsible for charge separation in thunderstorms, but the nature of the asymmetry in the characteristics of the colliding particles which causes faster falling particles to acquire charge of one sign has not been established.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/190

Date:1/1/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:Meteorological aspects of thunderstorms
Publication:Chapter 2, Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Vol. 1. Hans Volland, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
Abstract:Convective clouds that succeed in producing lightning are thunderstorms, by definition.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/191

Date:1/1/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hager, W.W.
Title:A discrete model for the lightning discharge.
Publication:J. Comp. Phys., 144, 137-150
Abstract:For a lightning discharge model presented by the author, J.S. Nisbet, and J.R. Kasha, we simulate lightning by letting the conductivity tend to infinity wherever the electric field reaches the breakdown threshold.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/192

Date:12/20/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hager, W.W., D. Wang
Title:An analysis of errors in the location, current, and velocity of lightning.
Publication:J. Geo. Res., 100, D12, 25721-25729
Abstract:Recently, Le Vine and Willit obtained a correction to the transmission of line model for computing radiation from lightning.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/193

Date:12/1/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Hager, W.W., J.S. Nisbet, J.R. Kasha, W.-C. Shann
Title:Simulations of electric fields within a thunderstorm
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3542-3558
Abstract:Numerical simulations based on a 3D model for the electric fields in a thunderstorm are presented.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/194

Date:8/1/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A., M. Uliasz, T.E. Nelson
Title:Large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes during the summer months in the contiguous United States
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2217-2233
Abstract:A clear association between large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes of positive polarity and sprites and elves in the stratosphere and mesosphere has been positively demonstrated.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/195

Date:06/27/1996
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Solomon, R., M. Baker
Title:A one-dimensional lightning parameterization
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,983-14,990
Abstract:In an extension of earlier work [Helsdon et al., 1992; Mazur, 1989], we have developed a one-dimensional, electrostatic representation of the electric field charge and charge redistribution in a cloud subsequent to a lightning flash.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/196

Date:10/02/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A., T.E. Nelson, E.R. Williams, J.A. Cramer, T.R. Turner
Title:Enhanced positive cloud-to-ground lightningin thunderstorms ingesting smoke from fires
Publication:Science, 282, 77-80
Abstract:Smoke from forest fires in southern Mexico was advected into the U.S. southern plains from April to June 1998. Cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite-mapped aerosol plumes imply that tunderstorms forming in smoke-containated air
Location:4
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Record ID:13/197

Date:06/15/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Black, R.A., J. Hallett
Title:Electrification of the hurricane
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 56, pp. 2004-2028
Abstract:A survey of reports of electrical activity in hurricanes and typhoons from flight and personal experience, and perusal of flight notes dating from 1980, show that lighting in and within 100 km or so of the eyewall is usually sparse.
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/198

Date:07/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Huffins, G. R., R.E. Orville
Title:Lightning ground flash density and thunderstom duration in the continental United States: 1986-96
Publication:J. Applied Meteor., 38, pp. 1013-1019
Abstract:None.
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/199

Date:04/22/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Tzivion, S., Z. Levin
Title:Super power energy tower
Publication:Patent Committee Report, Tel Aviv Unitesity, Dept. of Geophysics and Planetary, Sciences, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978
Abstract:The principle idea of an 'energy tower' consists of the idea of producing electrical energy from the energy released during the evaporation of falling water drops in relatively warm and dry air.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/200

Date:07/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Huffines, G.R., R.E. Orville
Title:Lighting ground flash density and thunderstorm duration inthe continental Unites States: 1989-96
Publication:J. App. Meter.
Abstract:The mean annual flash density, thunderstorm duration, and flash rates were calculated using 121.7million cloud-to-ground lighting flashes in the continental United States for the period 1989-96.
Location:0
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Record ID:13/201

Date:08/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Orville, R.E.
Title:Comments on 'large peake current cloud-to -ground lighting flashes during the summer months in the contiguous United States'
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 127,1937-1938
Abstract:The recent paper by lyons et al. (1998) reports on large peak current lighting flashes recored by the National Lightning Detection Network(NLDN) during 14 summer mnoths in four years, 1991-95. Lyons et al. examine, arbitrary, only flashes with peak currents higher than 75kA.
Location:0
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Record ID:13/202

Date:11/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Orville, R. E., G. R. Huffines
Title:Lightning ground flash measurements over the contiguous United States: 1995-97
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, pp. 2693-2703
Abstract:Cloud-to-ground lightning data have been analyzed for the years of 1995-97 for the contiguous United States for total flashes, positive flashes, the percentage of positive lightning, peak current for negative and positive lightning, and for negative multiplicity.
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Record ID:13/203

Date:10/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Gremillion, M.S., R.E. Orville
Title:Thunderstorm characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida: A study of lightning initiation signatures as indicated by the WSR-88D
Publication:Wea. and Fore., 14, 640-649
Abstract:The operational potential for predicting the onset of cloud-to-ground lightning is examined. WSR-88D reflectivity echoes were analyzed for 39 airmass thounderstorms that developed over the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida, to determine the best lightning initiation signature.
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Record ID:13/204

Date:07/23/1990
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R., S.A. Rutledge
Title:Studies of electrificiation and lightning in deep tropical precipitation systems
Publication:Conf. on Cloud Physics, July 23-27, 1990, San Francisco, CA
Abstract:None
Location:0
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Record ID:13/205

Date:06/01/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mark A. Shafer, D. R. MacGorman, F. H. Carr
Title:Cloud-to-Ground Lightning throughout the Lifetime of a Severe Storm System in Oklahoma
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1798-1816
Abstract:Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning data are examined relative to digitized radar data for a storm system that occurred in Oklahoma on 26 May 1985.
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/206

Date:05/20/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Baker, M.B., J.G. Dash
Title:Mechanism of charage transfer between colliding ice particles in thunderstorms
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,621,10,626
Abstract:We derive a theoretical mechanism for the charge transfer between colliding ice and soft hail particles, based on current ideas of surface melting.
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Record ID:13/207

Date:04/27/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mason, B.L., J.G. Dash
Title:Charge and mass transfer in ice-ice collision: Experimental observations of a mechanism in thunderstorm electrification
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10,185-10,192
Abstract:A microphysical mechanism that may be important in the electrification of thunderstorms is probed in an experimental study of collisional charging of ice surfaces.
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Record ID:13/208

Date:01/01/1987
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Baker, B.., M.B. Baker, E.R. Jayaratne, J. Latham, C.P.R. Saunders
Title:The influence of diffusional growth rates on the charge transfer accompanying rebounding collisions between ice crystals and soft hailstones
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 1193-1215
Abstract:Laboratory experiments designed to investigate the charge transfer accompanying rebounding collisions between ice crystals and soft hailstones were performed inside a cold room.
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Record ID:13/209

Date:08/01/1992
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Williams, E.R., S.A. Rutledge, S.G. Geotis, N. Renno, E. Rasmussen, T. Rickenbach
Title:A radar and electrical study of tropical
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1386-1395
Abstract:Radar and electrical measurements for deep tropical convection are examined for both
Location:4
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Record ID:13/210

Date:1/1/1989
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(60) Atmospheric Radiation
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Jonas, P.R.
Title:Effects of radiation on clouds.
Publication:Atmos. Res., 23, 259-286
Abstract:The effects of radiation on the growth of individual cloud particles and on the structure of clouds are reviewed.
Location:3
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Record ID:13/211

Date:8/1/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Buechler, D.E., K.T. Driscoll, S.J. Goodman, H.J. Christian
Title:lightning activity within a tornadic thurderstrom observed by the opitcal transient detector (OTD)
Publication:Geo. Res. Let., 27, 2253-2256
Abstract:The first storm-scale, total lightning observations from space during tornadogenesis are presented.
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Record ID:13/212

Date:08/01/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Murray, N.D., R.E. Orville, G.R. Huffines
Title:Effects of pollution from Central American fires on cloud -to-ground lighting in May 1998
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 27, 2249-2252
Abstract:In spring of 1998, numerous fires from seasonal biomass burning in Central American, mainly in Mexico and Guatemala, produced aerosol particles that were advected into the central plains of the United States.
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Record ID:13/213

Date:10/02/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Lyons, W.A., T.E. Nelson, E.R. Williams, J.A. Cramer, T.R. Turner
Title:Enhanced Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in Thunderstorms Ingesting Smoke from Fires
Publication:Sci, 282, 77-80
Abstract:Smoke from forest fires in southern Mexico was advected into the U.S. southern plains from April to June 1998.
Location:4
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Record ID:13/214

Date:05/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Zajac, B.A., S.A. Rutledge
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in the contiguous United States from 1995-1999
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 999-1019
Abstract:The spatial and temporal distributions of cloud-to-ground lightning are examined over the contiguous Unites States from 1995-1999 using data form the National Lightning Detection Network.
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Record ID:13/215

Date:07/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E., G. Huffines, J. Nielsen-Gammon, R. Zhang, B. Ely, S. Steiger, S. Philliphs, S. Allen, W. Read
Title:Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over Houston, Texas
Publication:Geo. Res. Letters, 28, 2597-2600
Abstract:Cloud-to ground lightning flash data have been analyzed for the tweleve-year period 1989-200, for a geographical area centered on Houston, Texas.
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Record ID:13/216

Date:01/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Miller, K., A. Gadian, C.Saunders, J. Latham, H. Christian
Title:Modelling and observations of thundercloud electrification and lightning
Publication:Atmos. Res., 58, 89-115
Abstract:A two-dimensional lightning frequency model was applied to two case studies of thunderclouds: 9th july 1981, the CCOPE case, and 19th July 1991, the CaPE case.
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Record ID:13/217

Date:08/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Hunter, S.M., S.J. Underwood, R.L. Holle, T.L. Mote
Title:Winter lightning and heavy frozen precipitation in the Southeast United States
Publication:Weather and Forecasting, 16, 478-490
Abstract:This study addresses winter season lightning by examining synoptic-scale circulations, cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning patterns, and frozen precipitation.
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Record ID:13/218

Date:08/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
(26) Extra Tropical Cyclones
Author:Chang, D.-E., J.A. Weinman, C.A. Morales, W.S. Olson
Title:The effect of spaceborne microwave and ground-based continous lighting measurements on forecasts of the 1998 groundhog storm
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 129,1809-1833
Abstract:This study seeks to evalute the impact of several newly avaiable sources of meteorological data on mesoscale model forecasts of the extatropical cyclone that struck Florida on 2 February 1998.
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Record ID:13/219

Date:05/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Orville, R.E., G.R. Huffines
Title:Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN results in the first decade, 1989-98
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1179-1193
Abstract:The physical and geographical characteristics of over 216 million cloud-to-ground lighting flashes recorded during the first decade (1989-98) of the National Lightning Network (NLDN) covering the entire continental United States are presented.
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Record ID:13/220

Date:01/01/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Nesbitt, S.W., R. Zhang, R.E. Orville
Title:Seasonal and global NOx Production by lighting estimate from the optical transient dector (OTD)
Publication:Tellus, 52B,1206-1215
Abstract:The Optical Transient Detector (OTD) lightning data for the 12 month period of 1996 are used to esitmate the seansonal and global distrutions of lighting-produced NOx.
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Record ID:13/221

Date:01/01/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Sommer, A.P., Z. Levin
Title:Charge transfer in convective thunder clouds induced by molecular interface crossing and free energy reduction
Publication:Atmos. Res., 58, 129-139
Abstract:In s[ite of many experiments showing that charge is transferred during collisions of cloud particles, the precise mechanism of the charge separation and its effect on the apatial charge distrubution in thunderclouds is not yet understood.
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Record ID:13/222

Date:3/15/2002
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Boccippio, D.J.
Title:Lightning Scaling Relations Revisited
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1086-1104
Abstract:Scaling relations connecting storm electrical generator power (and hence lightning flash rate) to charge transport velocity and storm geometry were originally posed by Vonnegut in the 1960's.
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/223

Date:1965
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Brook, M.
Title:Thunderstorm Electrification
Publication:Problems of Atmos. and Space Electricity Session IV.3
Abstract:I will describe a theaory which I did not originate, although I had something to do with some of the experimental work
Location:4
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Record ID:13/224

Date:08/2002
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Orville, R.E., Huffines, G.R., Burrows, W.R., Holle, R.L., Cummins, K.L.
Title:The North American Lightening Detection Network (NALDN)-First Results: 1998-2000
Publication:Monthly Weather Review Vol. 103
Abstract:Cloud-to-ground lightening data have been analyzed for the years 1998-2000 for North America (Canada plus the contiguous United States) for all ground flashes
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Record ID:13/225

Date:11/2002
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Sun, A., H.-Y. Chun, J.-J. Baik, M. Yan
Title:Influence of Electrification on Microphysical and Dynamical Processes in a Numerically Simulated Thunderstorm
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 41, 1112-1127
Abstract:A new three-dimensional dynamics and electrification coupled model is developed to investigate the influence of electrification on microphysical and dynamical processes in thunderstorms.
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Record ID:13/226

Date:07/01/1995
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Westcott, N.E.
Title:Summertime cloud-to-ground lightining activity around major Midwestern urban areas
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 34, 1633-1642
Abstract:Cloud-to-round lightining flash data collected by the National Lightning Detection Network were analyzed in and aorund 16 central U.S. citities for the period 1989-92.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/227

Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(64) Severe Storms
Author:Knupp, K.R., S. Paech, S. Goodman
Title:Variations in cloud-to-ground lighting characteristics among three adjacent tornadic supercell storms over the Tennessee Valley Region
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 172-188
Abstract:The contrasting behavior of cloud-to-round (CG) lightining associated with three adjacent supercell thunderstorms observed on 18 May 1995 is examined.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/228

Date:09/16/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Dash, J.G., B.L. Mason, J.S. Wettlaufer
Title:Theory of charge and mass transfer in ice-ice collisions
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 106, D17, 20,395-20,402.
Abstract:A new model describes charge and mass transfer in ice-ice collisions in terms of fundamental molecular physics
Location:5
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Record ID:13/229

Date:12/01/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Avila, E.E., R.G. Pereyra
Title:Charge transfer during crystal-graupel collisions for two different cloud droplet size distributions
Publication:Geophys. Res. Ltrs., 27, 3837-3840
Abstract:Laboratory experiments of graupel charging during ice crystal collisions revela a charge sign depdendence on temperature, liquid water concentration as well as the size distribution of the cloud droplets used for riming.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/230

Date:01/01/1999
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Avila, E.E., R.G. Pereyra, G.G. Aguirre Varela, G.M. Caranti
Title:The effect of the cloud-droplet spectrum on electrical-charge transfer during individual ice-ice collisions
Publication:Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1669-1679.
Abstract:Experiments were conducted with a wind tunnel in a cold room, in order to investigate the influence of the cloud-droplet spectrum on the charges transferred when individual ice spheres collided with a fixed artificial...
Location:5
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Record ID:13/231

Date:06/27/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R., S.L. Peck
Title:Laboratory studies of the influence of the rime accretion rate on charge transfer during crystal/graupel collisions
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 103, D12, 13,949-13,956.
Abstract:The process of thunderstorm electrification by charge transfers between ice crystals and riming graupel pellets (the noninductive process) has been the subject of extensive study in the laboratory at Manchester.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/232

Date:04/27/1998
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Avila, E., G. Caranti, N. Castellano, C. Saunders
Title:Laboratory studies of the influence of cloud droplet size on charge transfer during crystal-graupel collisions
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 103, D8, 8985-8996.
Abstract:Further laboratory measurements of charge transfer between ice crystals and riming graupel pellets, which are thought to be associated with the electrificiation processes within thunderstorms, have been carried out in...
Location:5
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Record ID:13/233

Date:03/01/2004
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Stollar, Orit Altaratz
Title:Analysis of lightning storms in the coastal region of Israel as a case study for understanding the electrical process in thunderclouds
Publication:Ph.D. dissertation, Tel-Aviv University, Dept. of Geophysics and Planetary Science, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 135 pp.
Abstract:The electrical activity of winter thunderstorms over the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea was investigated.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/234

Date:09/15/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(45) Microphysics - Ice Phase
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Berdeklis, P., R. List
Title:The ice crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism of thunderstorm electrification
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2751-2770
Abstract:The ice crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism, which is considered important in thunderstorm electrification, was studied using the newly developed Triple Interaction Facility that allows independent control of the soild, liquid, and vapor phases of a simulated cloud.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/235

Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Avila, E.E., G.S. Longo, R.E. Burgesser
Title:Mechanism for electric charge separation by ejection of charged particles from an ice particle growing by riming
Publication:Atmos. Res., 69, 99-108.
Abstract:Experimental evidence is presented that shows that substantial electric charge separation can occur by the ejection of charged particles during the riming process.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/236

Date:01/01/2003
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mitzeva, R.P., M. Samardjiev, C.P.R. Saunders
Title:Charge density in the updraughts of thunderstorms: a numerical study in the frame of a Lagrangian model
Publication:Atmos. Res., 69, 51-71.
Abstract:A one-dimensional numerical model is used to study the charge density developed by the non-inductive crystal/graupel collision process along the patch of rising thermals in convective clouds.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/237

Date:01/01/2002
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Pereyra, R.G., E.E. Avila
Title:Charge transfer measurements during single ice crystal collisions with a target growing by riming
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi10.1029/2001JD001279, AAC23-1--AAC23-9
Abstract:Direct measurements of the electric charge separated from individiual collisions between vapor grown ice crystals and an artificial grupel growing by riming have been made in the present laboratory work.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/238

Date:1/1/1967
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Macklin, W.C., G.S. Payne
Title:A theoretical study of the ice accretion process.
Publication:Q.J. Roy. Met. Soc., 93, 195-214.
Abstract:None
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/239

Date:1/1/2000
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Pereyra, R.G., E.E. Avila, N.E. Castellano
Title:A laboratory study of graupel charging.
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20,803-20,812
Abstract:None
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/240

Date:1/1/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Saunders, C.P.R., W.D. Keith, R.P. Mitzeva
Title:The effect of liquid water content on thunderstorm charging
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11,007-11,017.
Abstract:None
Location:Citation Only, Full Text Not In Library
Record ID:13/241

Date:10/01/1991
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R., R. Zhang, J. Rydock
Title:Mixed-phase microphysics and cloud electrification
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2195-2203
Abstract:A number of experimental studies have shown that sublimating ice acquires negative change and ice undergoing vapor deposition acquires positive change. Microphysical calculations are performed to determine the diffusional state (i.e., sublimation versus deposition) of riming graupel particles. Comparisons with earlier laboratory measurements
Location:4
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Record ID:13/242

Date:09/15/2001
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Berdeklis, P., R. List
Title:The ice crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism of thunderstorm electrificiation
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2751-2770.
Abstract:The ice-crystal-graupel collision charging mechanism, which is considered important in thunderstorm electrification, was studied using the newly developed Triple Interaction Facility that allows independent control of the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a simulated cloud.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/243

Date:07/01/2003
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(64) Severe Storms
Author:Carey, L.D., S.A. Rutledge, W.A. Petersen
Title:The relationship between severe storm reports and cloud-to-ground lightning polarity in the contiguous United States from 1989 to 1998
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1211-1228.
Abstract:The majority (61%) of severe storm reports (i.e., large hail and tornado) during the 1989-98 warm seasons (April-September) were associated with predominantly (>90%) negative cloud-to-ground (PNCG) lightining.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/244

Date:01/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Rust, W.D., D.R. MacGorman, E.C. Bruning, S.A. Weiss, P.R. Krehbile, R.J. Thomas, W. Rison, T. Hamlin, J. Harlin
Title:Inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS)
Publication:Atmos. Res., 76, 247-271.
Abstract:Balloon-borne electric field soundings and lightning mapping data have been analyzed for three of the storms that occurred in the Severe Thudnerstorm Electrification and Precipitaton Study field program in 2000 to determine if the storms had invested-polarity electrical structure.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/245

Date:01/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Williams, E.R.
Title:Lightning and climate: A review
Publication:Atmospheric Research, 76, 272-287.
Abstract:Research on regional and gloval lightning activity and the global electrical circuit is summarized.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/246

Date:01/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Mitzeva, R.P., C.P.R. Saunders, B. Tsenova
Title:A modelling study of the effect of cloud saturation and particle growth rates on charge transfer in thunderstorm electrification
Publication:Atmos. Res., 76, 206-221.
Abstract:Numerical studies have been made on the importance of cloud saturation to the sign of charge transfer during graupel/ice crystal interactions in thunderstorms.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/247

Date:01/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Altaratz, O., T. Reisin, Z. Levin
Title:Simulation of the electrification of winter thunderclouds using the three-dimensional Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model: Single cloud simulations
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20205, doi:10.1029/2004JD005616.
Abstract:The formulation of cloud electrification is introduced for the first time into the three-dimensional Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale forecast model.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/248

Date:09/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:MacGorman, D.R., W. D. Rust, P. Krehbiel, W. Rison, E. Bruning, K. Wiens
Title:The electrical structure of two supercell storms during STEPS
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2583-2607.
Abstract:Balloon soundings were made through two supercell storms during the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS) in summer 2000.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/249

Date:10/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Holle, R.L., R.E. Lopez, B.C. Navarro
Title:Deaths, injuries, and damages from lightning in the United States in the 1890s in comparison with the 1990s
Publication:J. Appl. Met., 44, 1563-1573.
Abstract:A reduction by a factor of 10 in the population-weighted rate of lightning-caused deather over the last century has been determined in several previous studies.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/250

Date:12/01/2005
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Wiens, K.C., S.A. Rutledge, S.A. Tessendorf
Title:The 29 June 2000 supercell observed during STEPS. Part II: Lightning and charge structure
Publication:J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4151-4177.
Abstract:This second part of a two-part study examines the lighting and charge structure evoluition of the 29 June 2000 tornadic supercell observed during the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitaiton Study (STEPS).
Location:5
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Record ID:13/251

Date:01/01/2006
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mitzeva, R., J. Latham, S. Petrova
Title:A comparative modeling study of the early electrical development of maritime and continental thunderstorms
Publication:Atmos. Res., 82, 26-36.
Abstract:numerical simulations were carried out to investigate differences between the early electrical development of maritime and continental thunderstorms, resulting from the characteristic profound differences between the ...
Location:5
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Record ID:13/252

Date:10/01/2006
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
Author:Kuhlman, K.M., C.L. Ziegler, E.R. Mansell, D.R. MacGorman, J.M. Straka
Title:Numerically simulated electrification and lightning of the 29 June 2000 STEPS supercell storm
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2734-2757.
Abstract:A three-dimensional dynamic cloud model incorporating airflow dynamics, microphysics, and thunderstorm electrification mechanisms is used to simulate the first 3 hr of the 29 June 2000 supercell from the Severe Thunderstorm Electrificaiton and Precipitation Study (STEPS).
Location:5
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Record ID:13/253

Date:01/01/2006
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
Author:Mitzeva, R., C. Saunders, B. Tsenova
Title:Parameterisation of non-inductive charging in thunderstorm regions free of cloud droplets
Publication:Atmos. Res., 82, 102-111.
Abstract:The study examines the effect of the weak charges transferred during non-inductive interactions between graupel and ice crystals in the absence of cloud droplets on the charge density in the updraughts of vigorous thunderstorms.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/254

Date:07/01/2007
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Eric C. Bruning, W. David Rust, Terry J. Schuur, Donald R. MacGorman, Paul R. Krehbiel, and William Rison
Title:Electrical and Polarimetric Radar Observations of a Multicell Storm in TELEX
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2525-2544.
Abstract:On 28–29 June 2004 a multicellular thunderstorm west of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was probed as part of the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment field program.
Location:http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-toc&issn=1520-0493&volume=135&issue=7
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Record ID:13/255

Date:08/01/2007
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Nicolau Pineda, Tomeu Rigo, Joan Bech and Xavier Soler
Title:Lightning and precipitation relationship in summer thunderstorms: Case studies in the North Western Mediterranean region
Publication:Atmos. Res., 85, 159-170.
Abstract:This study analyzes the relationship between lightning and precipitation in nine convective events. They occurred during the summer season of 2004 in Catalonia (NE Spain) and its coastal area, in the North Western Mediterranean Sea.
Location:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%235889%232007%23999149997%23662051%23FLA%23&_cdi=5889&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000053133&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1493582&md5=7c3fdb98af19867d85fc9facd146025d
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Record ID:13/256

Date:07/01/2007
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(40) Lightning
(35) Hail
Author:Montanyà, Joan; Soula, Serge; Pineda, Nicolau
Title:A study of the total lightning activity in two hailstorms
Publication:J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, No. D13, D13118, doi:10.1029/2006JD007203.
Abstract:Two thunderstorms which developed in the northeastern region of Spain on 17 August 2004 are analyzed. According to radar and ground observations, one of these storms produced large hail (larger than 19 mm) and therefore could be severe.
Location:http://www.agu.org/pubs/current/jd/?month=July
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Record ID:13/257

Date:08/00/1994
Subject:(13) Cloud Electrification
(8) Atmospheric Electricity
Author:Lyons, W.A., C.S. Keen
Title:Observations of lightning in convective supercells within tropical storms and hurricanes.
Publication:Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1897-1916
Abstract:Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observations from land-based lightning detection networks now allow monitoring this component of the electrical structure of tropical storms and hurricanes within a few hundred kilometers of the United States coastline. Several case studies confirm the long-held opinion that lightning is rather common within the outer rainbands.
Location:5
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Record ID:13/258

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